Editing Galanthus (section)

==Cultivation==

''Galanthus'' species and cultivars are extremely popular as symbols of spring and are traded more than any other wild-source ornamental bulb genus. Millions of bulbs are exported annually from Turkey and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].{{sfn|Ronsted et al.|2013}} For instance export quotas for 2016 for ''G. elwesii'' were 7 million for Turkey.<ref name=CITESexpGelwesii/> Quotas for ''G. worononowii'' were 5 million for Turkey and 15 million for Georgia.<ref name=CITESexpGworonowii/> These figures include both wild-taken and artificially propagated bulbs.

===Snowdrop gardens===
{{main|List of snowdrop gardens}}
[[File:Bank Hall Snowdrops Feb 2009.JPG|thumb|Snowdrop carpet at [[Bank Hall]], Bretherton, Lancashire in February 2009]]

Celebrated as a sign of spring, snowdrops may form impressive carpets of white in areas where they are native or have been naturalised. These displays may attract large numbers of sightseers.{{sfn|Harland|2016}} There are a number of snowdrop gardens in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greatbritishgardens.co.uk/snowdrops.htm |website=Great British Gardens |title=Snowdrops and Snowdrop Gardens 2007 |access-date=11 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401034623/http://www.greatbritishgardens.co.uk/snowdrops.htm |archive-date=1 April 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Several gardens open specially in February for visitors to admire the flowers. Sixty gardens took part in Scotland's first Snowdrop Festival (1 Feb–11 March 2007).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://white.visitscotland.com/snowdrops/ |website=VisitScotland.com |title=Scottish Snowdrop Festival |access-date=11 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303112955/http://white.visitscotland.com/snowdrops/ |archive-date=3 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Several gardens in England open during snowdrop season for the [[National Gardens Scheme]] (NGS) and in Scotland for Scotland's Gardens. [[Colesbourne|Colesbourne Park]] in [[Gloucestershire]] is one of the best known of the English snowdrop gardens, being the home of [[Henry John Elwes]], a collector of Galanthus specimens, and after whom ''Galanthus elwesii'' is named.<ref>{{cite web|title=Henry John Elwes|url=https://www.colesbournegardens.org.uk/about-us/henry-john-elwes.html |publisher=Colesbourne Gardens}}</ref>{{sfn|Ellis|2010}}

===Cultivars===
[[File:Snowdrop with six petals.jpg|thumb|Snowdrop with extra tepals (mutation)]]
[[File:Galanthus Wendys Gold 5968.jpg|thumb|''Galanthus plicatus'' 'Wendy's Gold' has yellow markings and ovary.]]
Numerous single- and double-flowered [[cultivars]] of ''Galanthus nivalis'' are known, and also of several other ''Galanthus'' species, particularly ''G. plicatus'' and ''G. elwesii''. Also, many hybrids between these and other species exist (more than 500 cultivars are described in Bishop, Davis, and Grimshaw's book, plus lists of many cultivars that have now been lost, and others not seen by the authors). They differ particularly in the size, shape, and markings of the flower, the period of flowering, and other characteristics, mainly of interest to the keen (even fanatical) snowdrop collectors, known as "[[galanthophile]]s", who hold meetings where the scarcer cultivars change hands.{{sfn|Bishop et al.|2001|loc=p.&nbsp;329}} &nbsp;Double-flowered cultivars and forms, such as the extremely common ''Galanthus nivalis'' [[Form (botany)|f.]] ''pleniflorus'' 'Flore Pleno', may be less attractive to some people, but they can have greater visual impact in a garden setting. Cultivars with yellow markings and ovaries rather than the usual green are also grown, such as 'Wendy's Gold'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/126686/Galanthus-plicatus-Wendy-s-Gold/Details |title=''Galanthus plicatus'' 'Wendy's Gold'|website=Plants|publisher=RHS|access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref> Many [[hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] have also occurred in cultivation.{{sfn|Brickell|2011}}

===Awards===
{{as of|2017|July}}, the following have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=AGM Plants – Ornamental |date=July 2017 |page=39 |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref>
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* ''Galanthus'' 'Ailwyn' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/216755/Galanthus-Ailwyn-(d)/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' 'Ailwyn' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus'' 'Atkinsii' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/94362/Galanthus-Atkinsii/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' 'Atkinsii' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus'' 'Bertram Anderson' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/81782/Galanthus-Bertram-Anderson/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' 'Bertram Anderson' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 8 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus elwesii''<ref>{{cite web|work=RHS Plant Selector|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/7556/Galanthus-elwesii/Details | title = ''Galanthus elwesii'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus elwesii'' 'Comet' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/155810/Galanthus-elwesii-Comet/Details | title = ''Galanthus elwesii'' 'Comet' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus elwesii'' 'Godfrey Owen' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/232928/Galanthus-elwesii-Godfrey-Owen-(d)/Details | title = ''Galanthus elwesii'' 'Godfrey Owen' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 8 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus elwesii'' 'Mrs Macnamara' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/290748/Galanthus-elwesii-Mrs-Macnamara/Details | title = ''Galanthus elwesii'' 'Mrs Macnamara' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 8 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus elwesii'' [[variety (botany)|var.]] ''monostictus''<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector – ''Galanthus elwesii'' var. ''monostictus''|url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/134063/Galanthus-elwesii-var-monostictus/Details |access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus'' 'John Gray' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/97864/Galanthus-John-Gray/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' 'John Gray' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 8 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus'' 'Lady Beatrix Stanley' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/89203/Galanthus-Lady-Beatrix-Stanley-(d)/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' 'Lady Beatrix Stanley' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus'' 'Magnet' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/93935/Galanthus-Magnet/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' 'Magnet' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus'' 'Merlin' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/194564/Galanthus-x-hybridus-Merlin/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' × ''hybridus'' 'Merlin' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''[[Galanthus nivalis]]''<ref>{{cite web|work=RHS Plant Selector|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/7568/Galanthus-nivalis/Details | title = ''Galanthus nivalis'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus nivalis'' f. ''pleniflorus'' 'Flore Pleno' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/197933/Galanthus-nivalis-f-pleniflorus-Flore-Pleno-(d)/Details | title = ''Galanthus nivalis'' f. ''pleniflorus'' 'Flore Pleno' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 8 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus nivalis'' 'Viridapice' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/173115/Galanthus-nivalis-Viridapice/Details | title = ''Galanthus nivalis'' 'Viridapice' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 8 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus plicatus''<ref>{{cite web|work=RHS Plant Selector|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/7582/Galanthus-plicatus/Details | title = ''Galanthus plicatus'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus plicatus'' 'Augustus' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/194343/Galanthus-plicatus-Augustus/Details | title = ''Galanthus plicatus'' 'Augustus' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 8 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus plicatus'' 'Diggory' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/194345/Galanthus-plicatus-Diggory/Details | title = ''Galanthus plicatus'' 'Diggory' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 8 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus plicatus'' 'Three Ships' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/198398/Galanthus-plicatus-Three-Ships/Details | title = ''Galanthus plicatus'' 'Three Ships' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus reginae-olgae'' subsp. ''reginae-olgae'' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/30470/Galanthus-reginae-olgae-subsp-reginae-olgae/Details | title = ''Galanthus reginae-olgae'' subsp. ''reginae-olgae'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus'' 'S. Arnott' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/48669/Galanthus-S-Arnott/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' 'S. Arnott' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus'' 'Spindlestone Surprise' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/131731/Galanthus-Spindlestone-Surprise/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' 'Spindestone Surprise' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus'' 'Straffan' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/91257/Galanthus-Straffan/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' 'Straffan' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 7 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus'' 'Trumps' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/302040/Galanthus-Trumps/Details | title = ''Galanthus'' 'Trumps' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 8 July 2020}}</ref>
* ''Galanthus woronowii''<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector – ''Galanthus woronowii''|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/113950/Galanthus-woronowii/Details | access-date = 5 July 2020}}</ref>
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===Propagation===

Propagation is by offset bulbs, either by careful division of clumps in full growth ("in the green"), or removed when the plants are dormant, immediately after the leaves have withered; or by seeds sown either when ripe, or in spring. Professional growers and keen amateurs also use such methods as "[[twin-scaling]]" to increase the stock of choice cultivars quickly.