Editing Fluoride (section)

==Dietary recommendations==
The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) updated Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for some minerals in 1997. Where there was not sufficient information to establish EARs and RDAs, an estimate designated Adequate Intake (AI) was used instead. AIs are typically matched to actual average consumption, with the assumption that there appears to be a need, and that need is met by what people consume. The current AI for women 19 years and older is 3.0&nbsp;mg/day (includes pregnancy and lactation). The AI for men is 4.0&nbsp;mg/day. The AI for children ages 1–18 increases from 0.7 to 3.0&nbsp;mg/day. The major known risk of [[Fluorine deficiency|fluoride deficiency]] appears to be an increased risk of bacteria-caused tooth cavities. As for safety, the IOM sets tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) for vitamins and minerals when evidence is sufficient. In the case of fluoride the UL is 10&nbsp;mg/day. Collectively the EARs, RDAs, AIs and ULs are referred to as [[Dietary Reference Intake]]s (DRIs).<ref name="DRItext">{{cite book | last1 = Institute of Medicine | title = Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride | chapter = Fluoride | publisher = The National Academies Press | year = 1997 | location = Washington, DC | pages = 288–313 | doi = 10.17226/5776 | pmid = 23115811 | isbn = 978-0-309-06403-3 | chapter-url = https://www.nap.edu/read/5776/chapter/10| author1-link = Institute of Medicine }}</ref>

The [[European Food Safety Authority]] (EFSA) refers to the collective set of information as Dietary Reference Values, with Population Reference Intake (PRI) instead of RDA, and Average Requirement instead of EAR. AI and UL are defined the same as in the United States. For women ages 18 and older the AI is set at 2.9&nbsp;mg/day (including pregnancy and lactation). For men, the value is 3.4&nbsp;mg/day. For children ages 1–17 years, the AIs increase with age from 0.6 to 3.2&nbsp;mg/day. These AIs are comparable to the U.S. AIs.<ref>{{cite web | title = Overview on Dietary Reference Values for the EU population as derived by the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies| year = 2017| url = https://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/assets/DRV_Summary_tables_jan_17.pdf}}</ref> The EFSA reviewed safety evidence and set an adult UL at 7.0&nbsp;mg/day (lower for children).<ref name="EFSAtext">{{citation| title = Tolerable Upper Intake Levels For Vitamins And Minerals| publisher = European Food Safety Authority| year = 2006| url = http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf}}</ref>

For U.S. food and dietary supplement labeling purposes, the amount of a vitamin or mineral in a serving is expressed as a percent of Daily Value (%DV). Although there is information to set Adequate Intake, fluoride does not have a Daily Value and is not required to be shown on food labels.<ref name="FedReg">{{cite web|url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |title=Federal Register May 27, 2016 Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. FR page 33982.}}</ref>