Editing Fishing (section)

==Animal welfare concerns==
{{Further|Animal welfare|Pain in fish}}

Historically, some doubted that fish could experience pain. Laboratory experiments have shown that fish do react to painful stimuli (e.g., injections of [[bee venom]]) in a similar way to mammals.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last = Sneddon
| first = LU
| title = Pain perception in fish: indicators and endpoints.
| journal = ILAR Journal
| volume = 50
| issue = 4
| pages = 38–42
| pmid = 19949250
| year = 2009
| doi = 10.1093/ilar.50.4.338
| doi-access = 
| url = http://animalstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=acwp_aff
| access-date = 20 February 2024
| archive-date = 20 June 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200620233217/https://animalstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=acwp_aff
| url-status = live
| url-access = subscription
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Oidtmann
| first1 = B
| last2 = Hoffman
| first2 = RW
| title = Pain and suffering in fish
| journal = Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift
| volume = 114
| issue = 7–8
| pages = 277–282
| date = Jul–Aug 2001
| pmid = 11505801
}}</ref> This is controversial and has been disputed.{{Explain|reason=|date=November 2019}}<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Do fish feel pain? Not as humans do, study suggests
| journal = ScienceDaily
| date = 8 August 2013
| url = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130808123719.htm
| access-date = 2 August 2017
| archive-date = 8 November 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171108195330/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130808123719.htm
| url-status = live
}}</ref> The expansion of [[aquaculture|fish farming]] as well as animal welfare concerns in society has led to research into more humane and faster ways of killing fish.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Lund
| first1 = V
| last2 = Mejdell
| first2 = CM
| last3 = Röcklinsberg
| first3 = H
| last4 = Anthony
| first4 = R
| last5 = Håstein
| first5 = T
| title = Expanding the moral circle: farmed fish as objects of moral concern.
| journal = Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
| volume = 75
| issue = 2
| pages = 109–118
| date = 4 May 2007
| pmid = 17578250
| doi=10.3354/dao075109| doi-access = free
}}</ref>

In large-scale operations like fish farms, stunning fish with electricity or putting them into water saturated with [[nitrogen]] so that they cannot breathe, results in death more rapidly than just taking them out of the water. For [[sport fishing]], it is recommended that fish be killed soon after catching them by hitting them on the head followed by [[exsanguination|bleeding out]] or by stabbing the brain with a sharp object<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Davie
| first1 = PS
| last2 = Kopf
| first2 = RK
| title = Physiology, behaviour and welfare of fish during recreational fishing and after release.
| journal = New Zealand Veterinary Journal
| volume = 54
| issue = 4
| pages = 161–172
| date = August 2006
| pmid = 16915337
| doi=10.1080/00480169.2006.36690| s2cid = 1636511
}}</ref> (called [[pithing]] or ''[[ike jime]]'' in Japanese). Some believe it is not cruel if you release the catch back to where it was caught however a study in 2018 states that the hook damages an important part of the feeding mechanism by which the fish sucks in food, ignoring the issue of pain.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/fishing-anglers-fish-hurt-injuries-catch-and-release-feeding-a8575816.html|title=Anglers' catch-and-release method stops fish feeding properly, study finds|date=9 October 2018|work=The Independent|access-date=10 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211923/https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/fishing-anglers-fish-hurt-injuries-catch-and-release-feeding-a8575816.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

When fishing there are high chances of catching other marine wildlife in a fishing net. There are over 100 different fishing regulations on paper for reducing this [[bycatch]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts {{!}} Seaspiracy Website |url=https://www.seaspiracy.org/facts |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=SEASPIRACY |language=en |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416001614/https://www.seaspiracy.org/facts |url-status=live }}</ref>