Editing Federal Aviation Regulations (section)

== Private, commuter, and commercial operations ==

For all pilots, there is an important distinction in the parts that address classes of flight. These parts do not distinguish type of aircraft, but rather type of activity done with the aircraft. Regulations for commuter and commercial aviation are far more intensive than those for general aviation, and specific training is required. Hence, flights are often referred to as ''Part XX operations'', to specify which one of the different sets of rules applies in a particular case. Also, flight schools will often designate themselves as ''Part 61'' or ''Part 141'' to distinguish between different levels of training and different study programs they could offer to the students.

'''Part 61''' is certification for all pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors.

'''Part 63''' is certification for flight crewmembers other than pilots; such as flight engineers and flight navigators.

'''Part 65''' is certification for airmen other than flight crewmembers; such as Air Traffic Control Tower Operators, Aircraft Dispatchers, Mechanics, Repairmen and Parachute Riggers.

'''Part 91''' is general operating rules for all aircraft. General aviation flights are conducted under this part. '''Part 91, Subpart (K)''' prescribes operating rules for fractional ownership programs.

'''Part 107''' (FAA sUAS Part 107) specifies regulations to fly under the Small UAS Rule, or small unmanned aircraft systems in the National Airspace System (NAS). Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are those that weigh less than 55 pounds.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.faa.gov/uas/media/faa-uas-part107-flyer.pdf |title=FAA sUAS PART 107: THE SMALL UAS RULE |publisher=faa.gov |access-date=October 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111115056/https://www.faa.gov/uas/media/faa-uas-part107-flyer.pdf |archive-date=November 11, 2018 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

'''Part 117''' specifies flight and duty-time limitations and rest requirements for flightcrew members.

'''{{Visible anchor|Part 121}}''' defines regularly scheduled air carriers. These are airlines who operate scheduled flights carrying either cargo or more than nine passengers.<ref name="Part 121 Hazmat">{{cite web |title=Regularly Scheduled Air Carriers (Part 121) |url=https://www.faa.gov/hazmat/air_carriers/operations/part_121/ |access-date=February 18, 2022}}</ref> Among the many Part 121 rules, pilots must have 1,500 of flight time and [[Mandatory retirement|must retire]] by age 65.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2023 |title=Are JSX And SkyWest Charter Legal? The Fight Over Part 380 and Part 135 – Cranky Flier |url=https://crankyflier.com/2023/08/22/are-jsx-and-skywest-charter-legal-the-fight-over-part-380-and-part-135/ |access-date=April 19, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref>

'''Part 133''' is external load (helicopter) operations.

'''{{Visible anchor|Part 135}}''' defines commuter and charter-type air carriers. These airlines can fly scheduled operations with aircraft with up to nine passengers (commuter flights), or they can fly on-demand, unscheduled air service for freight or with up to 30 passengers (charter flights).<ref name="FAAPart135">{{cite web |title=Charter-Type Services (Part 135) |url=https://www.faa.gov/hazmat/air_carriers/operations/part_135 |access-date=May 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FAA Part 135 Air Carrier Certification |url=http://www.usac.com/faa/InstructionTwo.asp |access-date=March 10, 2010 |publisher=www.usac.com}}</ref> The Part 135 rules for pilots are less onerous, compared to Part 121: only 250 hours of flight time are required for a pilot to serve as first officer on a Part 135 flight and pilots are not subject to a mandatory retirement age.<ref name=":0" /> Additionally, Part 135 operators have lower [[Transportation Security Administration|TSA]] screening requirements for passengers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Jonesyoung |first=Stephen |last2=Leff |first2=Gary |date=October 25, 2023 |title=A Public Interest Comment on Public Charter Operations |url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=4611937 |access-date=April 18, 2024 |website=[[George Mason University]], Mercatus Center}}</ref> Part 135 operators may not sell individual seats on charter flights. Applicants for a Part 135 certificate must have exclusive use of at least one aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sherpareport.com/aircraft/aircraft-overview/far-part-135.html|title=Understanding FAR Part 135|date=August 20, 2013 }}</ref>

'''Part 141''' is a more structured method for pilot training, based on FAA syllabus and other standards.