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===Alternative medicine=== The [[United States Food and Drug Administration|Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) does not recommend alternative therapies to treat sexual dysfunction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/562177|title=Dangers of Sexual Enhancement Supplements|website=Medscape|access-date=2009-02-10|archive-date=2021-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222234545/https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/562177|url-status=live}}</ref> Many products are advertised as "[[herbal viagra]]" or "natural" sexual enhancement products, but no clinical trials or scientific studies support the effectiveness of these products for the treatment of ED, and synthetic chemical compounds similar to sildenafil have been found as [[adulterant]]s in many of these products.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gryniewicz CM, Reepmeyer JC, Kauffman JF, Buhse LF | title = Detection of undeclared erectile dysfunction drugs and analogues in dietary supplements by ion mobility spectrometry | journal = Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis | volume = 49 | issue = 3 | pages = 601β06 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19150190 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.12.002 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Choi DM, Park S, Yoon TH, Jeong HK, Pyo JS, Park J, Kim D, Kwon SW | title = Determination of analogs of sildenafil and vardenafil in foods by column liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry | journal = Journal of AOAC International | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 580β88 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18567304 | doi = 10.1093/jaoac/91.3.580 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Reepmeyer JC, Woodruff JT | title = Use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and a chemical cleavage reaction for the structure elucidation of a new sildenafil analogue detected as an adulterant in an herbal dietary supplement | journal = Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis | volume = 44 | issue = 4 | pages = 887β93 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17532168 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.04.011 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1259165 | access-date = 2019-07-02 | archive-date = 2020-01-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200128091836/https://zenodo.org/record/1259165 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Reepmeyer JC, Woodruff JT, d'Avignon DA | title = Structure elucidation of a novel analogue of sildenafil detected as an adulterant in an herbal dietary supplement | journal = Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis | volume = 43 | issue = 5 | pages = 1615β21 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17207601 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.11.037 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1259163 | access-date = 2019-07-02 | archive-date = 2021-10-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211009125925/https://zenodo.org/record/1259163 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>[https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/ucm217780.htm Enforcement Report for June 30, 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625154458/http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/EnforcementReports/ucm217780.htm |date=June 25, 2016 }}, [[United States Food and Drug Administration]]</ref> The FDA has warned consumers that any sexual enhancement product that claims to work as well as prescription products is likely to contain such a contaminant.<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm048386.htm Hidden Risks of Erectile Dysfunction "Treatments" Sold Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423031555/https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm048386.htm |date=2019-04-23 }}, [[United States Food and Drug Administration]], February 21, 2009</ref> A 2021 review indicated that ginseng had "only trivial effects on erectile function or satisfaction with intercourse compared to placebo".<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee HW, Lee MS, Kim TH, Alraek T, Zaslawski C, Kim JW, Moon DG | title = Ginseng for erectile dysfunction | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2021 | pages = CD012654 | date = April 2021 | issue = 4 | pmid = 33871063 | pmc = 8094213 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.cd012654.pub2 }}</ref>
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