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==== Internal combustion engine ==== [[File:A three-horsepower internal combustion engine that ran on coal gas LCCN2006691790.jpg|thumb|254x254px|A three-horsepower internal combustion engine that ran on coal gas]] {{Main|Internal combustion engine}}The ''internal combustion engine'' is an engine in which the [[combustion]] of a fuel (generally, [[fossil fuel]]) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a [[combustion chamber]]. In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high [[temperature]] and high [[pressure]] gases, which are produced by the combustion, directly applies [[force]] to components of the engine, such as the [[piston]]s or [[turbine blade]]s or a [[propulsive nozzle|nozzle]], and by moving it over a distance, generates mechanical [[work (physics)|work]].<ref name=r1 >{{cite encyclopedia|first=Charles Lafayette II |last=Proctor |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/290504/internal-combustion-engine |title=Internal Combustion engines |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |access-date=2011-05-09}}</ref><ref name=r2 >{{cite web |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/internal-combustion-engine?cat=technology |title=Internal combustion engine |publisher=Answers.com |access-date=2011-05-09 |archive-date=2011-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628184840/http://www.answers.com/topic/internal-combustion-engine?cat=technology |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=r3>{{cite web|url=http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.bartleby.com/65/in/intern-co.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721063446/http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.bartleby.com/65/in/intern-co.html |archive-date=2012-07-21 |title=Columbia encyclopedia: Internal combustion engine |publisher=Inventors.about.com |access-date=2011-05-09 }}</ref><ref name=r4 >{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0825332.html |title=Internal-combustion engine |publisher=Infoplease.com |year=2007 |access-date=2011-05-09 |archive-date=2011-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515152409/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0825332.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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