Editing Edward Coke (section)

===Liberty and the ''Resolutions''===
[[File:John Selden from NPG cleaned.jpg|thumb|right|[[John Selden]], who, along with Coke, presented the ''Resolutions'' to the [[House of Lords]]|alt=A portrait of John Selden. Selden blends into the brown background of the portrait; his face is visible. He has brown eyes and shoulder-length brown hair. He has a serious look on his face]]

James died on 27 March 1625 and was succeeded by his son, who became [[Charles I of England]]. Coke was made [[High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire]] by the king in 1625, which prohibited him from sitting in Parliament until his term expired a year later.<ref>{{Harvnb|White|1979|p=213}}</ref> Following his father's example, Charles raised loans without Parliament's sanction and imprisoned without trial those who would not pay. The judges of the [[Court of Common Pleas (England)|Court of Common Pleas]] and [[Court of King's Bench (England)|King's Bench]] declared this to be illegal, and the Chief Justice [[Ranulph Crewe|Sir Ranulph Crewe]] was dismissed; at this, the remaining judges succumbed to the king's pressure.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hostettler|1997|p=125}}</ref> More and more people refused to pay, leading to ''[[Darnell's Case]]'', in which the courts confirmed that "if no cause was given for the detention&nbsp;... the prisoner could not be freed as the offence was probably too dangerous for public discussion".<ref>{{Harvnb|Hostettler|1997|p=126}}</ref> The result of this was that wealthy landowners refused to pay the loan and the Crown's income fell below Charles's expectations, forcing him to call a fresh Parliament in March 1627. With popular anger at Charles's policies, many MPs were opposed to him, including Pym, Coke and a young [[Oliver Cromwell]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Hostettler|1997|p=127}}</ref>

Martial law was then declared, with continued imprisonment for a failure to pay the forced loans and soldiers billeted in the homes of private citizens to intimidate the population – something which led to Coke's famous declaration that "the house of an Englishman is to him as his castle".<ref>{{Harvnb|Hostettler|1997|p=128}}</ref> The Commons responded to these measures by insisting that [[Magna Carta]], which expressly forbade the imprisonment of freemen without trial, was still valid. Coke then prepared the ''Resolutions'', which later led to the [[Habeas Corpus Act 1679]]. These declared that Magna Carta was still in force, and that furthermore: {{blockquote|no freeman is to be committed or detained in prison, or otherwise restrained by command of the King or the Privy Council or any other, unless some lawful cause be shown&nbsp;... the writ of ''habeas corpus'' cannot be denied, but should be granted to every man who is committed or detained in prison or otherwise restrained by the command of the King, the Privy Council or any other&nbsp;... Any freeman so committed or detained in prison without cause being stated should be entitled to bail or be freed.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hostettler|1997|p=129}}</ref>}} In addition, no tax or loan could be levied without Parliament's permission, and no private citizen could be forced into accepting soldiers into his home. Coke, [[John Selden]] and the rest of the Committee for Grievances presented the ''Resolutions'' to the House of Lords, with Coke citing seven statutes and 31&nbsp;cases to support his argument. He told the Lords that "Imprisonment in law is a civil death [and] a prison without a prefixed time is a kind of hell".<ref>{{Harvnb|Hostettler|1997|p=130}}</ref> The Lords, supportive of the king, were not swayed, and Charles himself eventually rejected the ''Resolutions'', insisting that the Commons trust him.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hostettler|1997|p=132}}</ref>