Editing Dharma (section)

==Buddhism==
{{Also see|Buddhist paths to liberation}}
{{anchor|Buddhism}}
{{Buddhism}}
Buddhism held the Hindu view of ''Dharma'' as "cosmic law", as in the working of [[Karma]].<ref name="ODWR-Dharma" /> The term Dharma ({{langx|pi|dhamma|italic=yes}}) later came to refer to the teachings of [[the Buddha]] (''pariyatti''); the practice (''paṭipatti'') of the Buddha's teachings is then comprehended as Dharma.<ref name="ODWR-Dharma" /><ref name="Concise-PED">"[https://suttacentral.net/define/dhamma dhamma]", ''The New Concise Pali English Dictionary''.</ref> In [[Buddhist philosophy]], ''dhamma/dharma'' is also the term for "[[phenomena]]".<ref name="Concise-PED" /><ref name="david">[[David Kalupahana|Kalupahana, David]] (1986) ''The Philosophy of the Middle Way''. SUNY Press, pp. 15–16.</ref>

===Buddha's teachings===
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For practising Buddhists, references to ''dharma'' (''dhamma'' in Pali) particularly as "the dharma", generally means the teachings of the Buddha, commonly known throughout the East as Buddhadharma. It includes especially the discourses on the fundamental principles (such as the [[Four Noble Truths]] and the [[Noble Eightfold Path]]), as opposed to the parables and to the poems. The Buddha's teachings explain that in order to end suffering, ''dharma'', or the right thoughts, understanding, actions and livelihood, should be cultivated.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Hannah Jean |title=Key Tenets of Classical Buddhist ''Dharma'' Leave Space for the Practice of Abortion and are Upheld by Contemporary Japanese Buddhist ''Mizuko Kuyo'' Remembrance Rituals |journal=Journal of Religion and Health |year=2019 |volume=58 |issue=2 |page=477 |doi=10.1007/s10943-019-00763-4|pmid=30673995 }}</ref>

The status of ''dharma'' is regarded variably by different Buddhist traditions. Some regard it as an ultimate truth, or as the fount of all things which lie beyond the "[[three realms]]" (Sanskrit: ''tridhatu'') and the "wheel of becoming" (Sanskrit: ''[[bhavachakra]]''). Others, who regard the Buddha as simply an enlightened human being, see the ''dharma'' as the [[essence]] of the "84,000 different aspects of the teaching" (Tibetan: ''chos-sgo brgyad-khri bzhi strong'') that the Buddha gave to various types of people, based upon their individual propensities and capabilities.

Dharma refers not only to the sayings of the [[The Buddha|Buddha]], but also to the later traditions of interpretation and addition that the various [[schools of Buddhism]] have developed to help explain and to expound upon the Buddha's teachings. For others still, they see the ''dharma'' as referring to the "truth", or the ultimate reality of "the way that things really are" (Tibetan: ''Chö'').

The ''dharma'' is one of the [[Three Jewels]] of Buddhism in which practitioners of Buddhism seek refuge, or that upon which one relies for his or her lasting happiness. The Three Jewels of Buddhism are the [[Buddhahood|Buddha]], meaning the mind's perfection of enlightenment, the [[Dharma (Buddhism)|''dharma'']], meaning the teachings and the methods of the Buddha, and the [[Sangha (Buddhism)|Sangha]], meaning the community of practitioners who provide one another guidance and support.

===Chan Buddhism===
Dharma is employed in [[Chan Buddhism]] in a specific context in relation to transmission of authentic doctrine, understanding and bodhi; recognised in [[dharma transmission]].

===Theravada Buddhism===
In [[Theravada]] Buddhism obtaining ultimate realisation of the dhamma is achieved in three phases; learning, practising and realising.<ref name="What is the Triple Gem">{{cite web |url=https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/thai/lee/triplegem.html#sorts3 |title=What is the Triple Gem? – ''Dhamma'': Good Dhamma is of three sorts |first=Ajaan |last=Lee Dhammadharo |date=1994 |translator=Thanissaro Bhikkhu |page=33}}</ref>

In Pali:
#[[Pariyatti]] – the learning of the theory of ''dharma'' as contained within the suttas of the Pali canon
#Patipatti – putting the theory into practice and 
#Pativedha – when one penetrates the ''dharma'' or through experience realises the truth of it.<ref name="What is the Triple Gem" />