Editing Deschutes County, Oregon (section)

==Geology==
The overall defining landscape of Deschutes County is primarily marked with that of lava flows. Most of the lava found in Deschutes County issued forth from [[Newberry Volcano]] located just south of Bend. Because of this, many [[lava tube]]s are located within, including the prominent [[Lava River Cave]]. As a consequence, the county is the most cave-rich in the state of Oregon,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oregon High Desert Grotto |url=http://www.ohdgrotto.com |access-date=October 24, 2012 |publisher=Ohdgrotto.com}}</ref> with over 500 known caves in the county.<ref name="OHDG">{{Cite web |last=Matt Skeels |title=The Caves of Central Oregon |url=http://ohdgrotto.caves.org/caves/caves-of-central-oregon |access-date=July 7, 2013 |publisher=[[Oregon High Desert Grotto]]}}</ref> Other prominent lava flows exist too, especially those related to the [[Mount Bachelor volcanic chain|Mount Bachelor Volcanic Chain]] which consists of Mount Bachelor as well as three smaller [[shield volcano]]s, and a series of [[cinder cone]]s.<ref name="SCOTT">{{Cite map |title=Geologic Map of the Mount Bachelor Volcanic Chain and Surrounding Area, Cascade Range, Oregon |year=1992 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Geological Survey; Scott, William E.; [[Cynthia Gardner|Gardner, Cynthia A.]] |scale=1 : 50,000 |cartography=D. F. Garcia; R. C. Ittner; S.E. Jefferies}}</ref>

[[Image:The Three Sisters from Peter Skene Ogden State Park.jpg|thumb|left|170px|The Three Sisters mountains visible over the [[Crooked River Railroad Bridge]] north of Terrebonne]]

Large volcanoes serve as a backdrop to the city of Bend in Deschutes County, ranging from the prominent [[Three Sisters (Oregon)|Three Sisters]], [[Mount Washington (Oregon)|Mount Washington]], [[Mount Bachelor]], [[Broken Top]], Newberry, [[Tumalo Mountain]], [[Maiden Peak (Oregon)|Maiden Peak]] and others. A group of geologists have discovered [[Smith Rock State Park]] is part of an ancient supervolcano called the [[Crooked River caldera]] with a rim nearly six times the diameter of Newberry Volcano's caldera. This ancient supervolcano has long gone extinct. Its crater rim is barely recognizable as remnants mark portions of [[Powell Buttes]], [[Gray Butte]], and the western front of the [[Ochoco Mountains]] at Barnes Butte.<ref name="MCCLAUGHRY">{{Cite journal |last=McClaughry |first=Jason D. |last2=Ferns, Mark L. |last3=Gordon, Caroline L. |last4=Patridge, Karyn A. |year=2009 |title=Field Trip Guide to the Oligocene Crooked River caldera: Central Oregon's Supervolcano, Crook, Deschutes, and Jefferson Counties, Oregon |url=http://www.oregongeology.org/sub/publications/OG/OGv69n01.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Oregon Geology |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=25–44 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727152956/http://www.oregongeology.org/sub/publications/OG/OGv69n01.pdf |archive-date=July 27, 2011 |access-date=October 20, 2009}}</ref>

On the eastern side of the county, it is mostly characterized by large [[butte]]s of much older volcanic origin. Most of these did not create any proper lava flows, or at least none that are known to exist. Some of the prominent buttes include [[Horse Ridge]], [[Pine Mountain (Oregon)|Pine Mountain]], [[China Hat (Oregon)|China Hat]], and several others on the county border.

Two main types of lava flows are found within the county. The most common are the [[Pahoehoe|pāhoehoe]] flows which have been partially buried by [[volcanic ash]], [[tephra|tephra deposits]], and dirt over tens to hundreds of thousands of years. The [[ʻAʻā|{{okina}}a{{okina}}ā]] flows are fewer but much more prominent, with the most notable being associated with [[Lava Butte]] and the [[Lava Cast Forest]] in the [[Newberry National Volcanic Monument]].
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