Editing Demographics of Puerto Rico (section)

===Women in the diaspora===
In a study done on Puerto Rican women (of all races) born on the island but living in New York by Carolina Bonilla, [[Mark D. Shriver]] and Esteban Parra in 2004, the ancestry proportions corresponding to the three parental populations were found to be 53.3±2.8% European, 29.1±2.3% West African, and 17.6±2.4% Native American based on [[autosomal]] ancestry informative markers. Although [[autosomal]] markers tests seem to draw a more broad picture than that of single, gender-based [[mtDNA]] and [[Y-Chromosome]] tests, the problem with autosomal DNA is in the archaic categories used: "European", "Sub-Saharan African", "East Asian" & "Native American".  "Asian" (South, North or East) & "North African" are not included.  These generalized categories may not take into account the complexity of migratory patterns across the Old World.  The study also found that, from the women sampled, 98% had European ancestry markers, 87% had African ancestry markers, 84% had Native American ancestry markers, 5% showed only African and European markers, 4% showed mostly Native American and European markers, 2% showed only African markers, and 2% showed mostly European markers.<ref name=Ancestry2>Bonilla et al., Ancestral proportions and their association with skin pigmentation and bone mineral density in Puerto Rican women from New York City. Hum Gen (2004) 115: 57–58 Available at: {{cite web|url=http://onedroprule.org/forum/index.php?file%3Dbonilla-2004-pigmnt-bmd-pr-women.pdf |title=ODR Forum Upload :: Login |access-date=March 30, 2014 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090114205855/http://thestudyofracialism.org/forum/index.php?file=bonilla-2004-pigmnt-bmd-pr-women.pdf |archive-date=January 14, 2009 }} [Date of access: May 30, 2008]</ref>