Editing Demographics of Germany (section)

==Ethnic minorities and migrant background (''Migrationshintergrund'')==
Germany does not collect data on the ethnic and racial identifications of its citizens, but does collect data on the background group by birth of an individual.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shendruk |first=Amanda |date=2021-07-08 |title=Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race? |url=https://qz.com/2029525/the-20-countries-that-dont-collect-racial-and-ethnic-census-data/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref> The [[Federal Statistical Office of Germany|Federal Statistical Office]] defines persons with a migrant background as all persons who migrated to the present area of the Federal Republic of Germany after 1949, plus all foreign nationals born in Germany and all persons born in Germany as German nationals with at least one parent who migrated to Germany or was born in Germany as a foreign national. The figures presented here are based on this definition only.

In 2010, 2.3 million families with children under 18 years were living in Germany, in which at least one parent had foreign roots. They represented 29% of the total of 8.1 million families with minor children. Compared with 2005&nbsp;– the year when the microcensus started to collect detailed information on the population with a migrant background&nbsp;– the proportion of migrant families has risen by 2 percentage points.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|url=https://www.destatis.de/EN/Publications/STATmagazin/Population/2012_03/2012_03MigrantBackground.html|title=Publikation – STATmagazin – Population – Families with a migrant background: traditional values count – Federal Statistical Office (Destatis)|date=27 August 2012|work=destatis.de|access-date=23 October 2015}}</ref> In 2019, 40% children under 5 years old had migrant background.<ref name="Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2019">{{cite web |date=2020-07-28 |title=Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund – Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2019 – |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Publikationen/Downloads-Migration/migrationshintergrund-2010220197004.pdf?__blob=publicationFile |page=68|website=destatis.de |language=de}}</ref>

Most of the families with a migrant background live in the western part of Germany. In 2010, the proportion of migrant families in all families was 32% in the former territory of the Federal Republic. This figure was more than double that in the new Länder (incl. Berlin) where it stood at 15%.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Eastern Germany has a much lower proportion of immigrants than the West, as the GDR did not let in that many guest workers and Eastern Germany's economy is not doing as well as West Germany's and had a higher percentage of jobless persons until recently. However, in recent years the number of people with an immigrant background in East Germany has been growing as refugees (as well as German Repatriates) are distributed with the Königssteiner Schlüssel, so every German state has to take the same number of them compared to its population and economy. In 2019 19.036 million people or 89,6% of people with an immigrant background live in Western Germany (excluding Berlin), being 28,7% of its population, while 1.016 million people with immigrant background 4,8% live in Eastern States, being 8,2% of population, and 1.194 million people with an immigrant background 5,6% live in Berlin, being 33,1% of its population.<ref name = "Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2019"/>

In 2019, 26% of Germans of any age group (up from 18,4% in 2008) and 39% of German children (up from 30% in 2008) had at least one parent born abroad. Average age for Germans with at least one parent born abroad was 35.6 years (up from 33.8 years in 2008), while that for Germans, who had two parents born in Germany was 47.3 years (up from 44.6 in 2008).<ref name="Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2019" /><ref>Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland: "Leichter Anstieg der Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund". Pressemitteilung Nr.105 vom 11 March 2008</ref>

In 2022, 41 percent of the under-15 age group had a migrant background, 36 percent of the 15 to 49-year-old age group had a migrant background and 19 percent of the age group above (50+).<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-11-06|date=2023-04-20|publisher=Statistisches Bundesamt|title=Statistischer Bericht – Mikrozensus – Bevölkerung nach Migrationshintergrund – Erstergebnisse 2022 (The statements are based on statistics listed in excel-Table 12211-03.)|url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Publikationen/Downloads-Migration/statistischer-bericht-migrationshintergrund-erst-2010220227005.html|website=Destatis}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

The largest groups of people with an immigrant background in Germany are people that have Turkey, Poland and Russia as their ancestral homelands.

{{As of|2022}}, the population by background was as follows:

[[File:Major Nationalities in Germany by ancestry.png|thumb|454x454px|Major groups which reside in [[Germany]] by ancestry as of 2019]]
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = '''Population of Germany in 2022'''
| other =
| label1 = Germans<ref name="immigrant">This number represents the number of people without "immigrant background", meaning people with two parents of mostly or full German ancestry. It does not represent the number of people who view themselves as German. This number does not include people with a German forebear, who came to modern Germany after 1955 (including [[Aussiedler]] and [[Spätaussiedler]]) and descendants of that person.</ref>
| value1 = 71.3
| color1 = #526e9c
| label2 = Turkish
| value2 = 3.4
| color2 = #B50945
| label3 = Polish
| value3 = 2.6
| color3 = #F73858
| label4 = Russian
| value4 = 1.6
| color4 = #0039A6
| label5 = Kazakh
| value5 = 1.6
| color5 = #00ABC2
| label6 = Syrian
| value6 = 1.5
| color6 = #097F44
| label7 = Romanian
| value7 = 1.3
| color7 = #FCD116
| label8 = Italian
| value8 = 1.1
| color8 = #2BC475
| label9 = European (Other)
| value9 = 7.7
| color9 = #B5D1B5
| label10 = Asian (Other)
| value10 = 3.7
| color10 = #8FC9B5
| label11 = American (North & South)
| value11 = 0.8
| color11 = #B5C3D9
| label12 = Sub-Saharan African
| value12 = 0.8
| color12 = #B59397
| label13 = Maghreb countries
| value13 = 0.6
| color13 = #CD9397
| label14 = Other/unspecified/mixed
| value14 = 2
| color14 = #B5B5B5
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="3" |Background group
! colspan="10" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |2005<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2017-08-23 |title=2005 |url=https://www.statistischebibliothek.de/mir/receive/DEHeft_mods_00003611 |journal=Fachserie / 1 / 2 / 2: Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit; Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund – Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2022 – |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Publikationen/_publikationen-innen-migrationshintergrund.html |website=destatis.de |language=de}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2017-03-13 |title=2011 |url=https://www.statistischebibliothek.de/mir/receive/DEHeft_mods_00016556 |journal=Fachserie / 1 / 2 / 2: Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":03" />
! colspan="2" |2016<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2017-08-31 |title=2016 |url=https://www.statistischebibliothek.de/mir/receive/DEHeft_mods_00070829 |journal=Fachserie / 1 / 2 / 2: Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":03" />
! colspan="2" |2022<ref name=":03" />
! colspan="2" |2023<ref name=":03" />
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[Europeans|European]]
!
!
!
!
!72,625,000
!89.2%
!71,111,000
!85.5%
!71,407,000
!85.1%
|-
![[File:Flag_of_Europe.svg|border|20x20px]] ''[[European Union|EU-27 States]]''
!
!
!
!
!69,315,000
!85.1%
!66,849,000
!80.4%
!66,533,000
!79.3%
|-
|'''{{nbsp|5}}''' '''Without migrant background'''
|'''66,413,000'''
|'''81.3%'''
|'''64,551,000'''
|'''81.4%'''
|'''62,989,000'''
|'''77.4%'''
|'''59,278,000'''
|'''71.3%'''
|'''58,968,000'''
|'''70.3%'''
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Official_flag_of_Poland.png|border|20x20px]] [[Polish people|Polish]] (including [[German minority in Poland|ethnic German repatriates from Poland]])
|1,046,000
|
|1,424,000
|
|1,868,000
|2,3%
|2,201,000
|2.6%
|2,199,000
|2.6%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Romania.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Romanians|Romanian]] (including [[Germans of Romania|ethnic German repatriates from Romania]])
|406,000
|
|472,000
|
|788,000
|1%
|1,096,000
|1.3%
|1,146,000
|1.4%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Italy.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Italians|Italian]] (including ethnic [[South Tyrol]]eans)
|794,000
|
|701,000
|
|861,000
|1,1%
|905,000
|1.1%
|876,000
|1.0%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Greece.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Greeks|Greek]]
|386,000
|
|349,000
|
|443,000
|0,5%
|434,000
|0.5%
|432,000
|0.5%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Croats|Croat]]
|410,000
|
|325,000
|
|441,000
|0,5%
|419,000
|0.5%
|400,000
|0.5%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Austria.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Austrians|Austrian]]
|309,000
|
|254,000
|
|280,000
|0,3%
|353,000
|0.4%
|341,000
|0.4%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]]
|49,000
|
|77,000
|
|238,000
|0,3%
|340,000
|0.4%
|376,000
|0.4%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Spain.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Spaniards|Spanish]]
|173,000
|
|142,000
|
|209,000
|0,3%
|233,000
|0.3%
|233,000
|0.3%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Dutch people|Dutch]]
|190,000
|
|203,000
|
|206,000
|0,3%
|233,000
|0.3%
|218,000
|0.3%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|20x20px|border11]] [[French people|French]]
|157,000
|
|153,000
|
|168,000
|0,2%
|228,000
|0.3%
|222,000
|0.3%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}Other [[EU member states]] (primarily [[Hungarians|Hungarian]],  [[Czechs|Czech]], and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]])
|
|
|
|
|824,000
|1%
|1,129,000
|1.4%
|1,122,000
|1.3%
|-
!''[[Europe|European Other]]''
!
!
!
!
!3,310,000
!4,1%
!4,262,000
!5.1%
!4,874,000
!5.8%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Russia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Russians|Russian]] (including [[History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union|ethnic German repatriates from Russia]])
|1,290,000
|
|1,189,000
|
|1,223,000
|1,5%
|1,354,000
|1.6%
|1,353,000
|1.6%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]
|–
|
|246,000
|
|272,000
|0,3%
|583,000
|0.7%
|1,034,000
|1.2%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Kosovo.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kosovars|Kosovar]]
|–
|
|270,000
|
|356,000
|0,4%
|542,000
|0.7%
|594,000
|0.7%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Bosnians|Bosnian]]
|329,000
|
|202,000
|
|248,000
|0,3%
|538,000
|0.6%
|556,000
|0.7%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Serbia.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Serbs|Serb]]
|263,065
|
|252,000
|
|288,000
|0,4%
|382,000
|0.5%
|387,000
|0.5%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}Others (primarily [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonian]], [[Swiss people|Swiss]] and [[British people|British]])
|
|
|
|
|923,000
|1.1%
|863,000
|1%
|950,000
|1.1%
|-
![[Asians]]
!
!
!
!
!6,218,000
!7,6%
!8,495,000
!10.3%
!8,842,000
!10.5%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Turkish people|Turkish]] (including ethnic [[Kurds]])
|2,766,000
|
|2,643,000
|
|2,797,000
|3,4%
|2,835,000
|3.4%
|2,926,000
|3.5%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Kazakhstan Germans|Kazakh]] (including [[Germans of Kazakhstan|ethnic German repatriates from Kazakhstan]])
|–
|
|917,000
|
|969,000
|1,2%
|1,325,000
|1.6%
|1,311,000
|1.6%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Syria.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Syrians|Syrian]] (including ethnic [[Kurds]])
|–
|
|53,000
|
|521,000
|0,6%
|1,225,000
|1.5%
|1,281,000
|1.5%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Afghanistan|Afghan]]
|88,000
|
|131,000
|
|231,000
|0,3%
|435,000
|0.5%
|476,000
|0.6%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Iraq.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Iraqis|Iraqi]] (including ethnic [[Kurds]])
|113,000
|
|106,000
|
|206,000
|0,3%
|393,000
|0.5%
|399,000
|0.5%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Iran.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] (including ethnic [[Kurds]])
|150,000
|
|130,000
|
|164,000
|0,2%
|304,000
|0.4%
|336,000
|0.4%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Han Chinese|Chinese]]
|80,000
|
|93,000
|
|157,000
|0,2%
|217,000
|0.3%
|217,000
|0.3%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]
|150,000
|
|146,000
|
|167,000
|0,2%
|236,000
|0.2%
|215,000
|0.2%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}Others
|
|
|
|
|1,006,000
|1,2%
|1,554,000
|1.9%
|1,662,000
|2.0%
|-
![[Africa]]n
!477,000
!
!508,000
!
!744,000
!0.9%
!1,159,000
!1.4%
!1,270,000
!1.5%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[Sub-Saharan African]]
|222,000
|
|246,000
|
|395,000
|0,5%
|660,000
|0.8%
|711,000
|0.8%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg|border|20x20px]] [[Moroccans|Moroccan]]
|147,000
|
|141,000
|
|191,000
|0,2%
|257,000
|0.3%
|278,000
|0.3%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}Other Maghreb countries:
|108,000
|
|121,000
|
|158,000
|0,2%
|242,000
|0.3%
|281,000
|0.3%
|-
![[Americas]]
!331,000
!
!324,000
!
!421,000
!0,5%
!682,000
!0.8%
!714,000
!0.8%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}[[File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|border|20x20px]] American
|140,000
|
|123,000
|
|154,000
|0,2%
|216,000
|0.3%
|215,000
|0.3%
|-
|{{nbsp|5}}Other peoples from the Americas
|191,000
|
|201,000
|
|267,000
|0,3%
|466,000
|0.5%
|499,000
|0.6%
|-
![[Australia]]/[[Oceania]]
!–
!
!
!
!40,000
!0,05%
!26,000
!0.03%
!29,000
!0.03%
|-
!Other/unspecified/mixed
!2,536,000
!
!1,310,000
!
!1,381,000
!1,7%
!1,628,000
!1.9%
!1,613,000
!1.9%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total: Foreign background
!15,227,000
!
!14,796,000
!
!18,443,000
!22,6%
!23,825,000
!28.7%
!24,907,000
!29.7%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total
!81,640,000
!
!79,347,000
!
!81,432,000
!100%
!83,103,000
!100%
!83,875,000
!100%
|}
<gallery mode="packed" caption="[[Migration background]] age structure in Germany in 2021">
File:Age structure by migration background in Germany in 2021.svg|Age structure by migration background in Germany in 2021
File:Without migration background age structure in Germany in 2021.svg|Without migration background age structure
File:With migration background age structure in Germany in 2021.svg|With migration background
File:One parent with migration background age structure in Germany in 2021.svg|One parent with migration background 
</gallery><gallery class="center">
Simone Hauswald.JPG|[[Simone Hauswald]] has a migration background due to her mother being [[Koreans|Korean]].
Mesut Özil (9881761465) Cropped.jpg|[[Mesut Özil]] is classified as having a migrant background because both of his parents were born in Turkey.
Helene Fischer Wiener Stadthalle Mai 2011.jpg|[[Helene Fischer]] has a migrant background despite being ethnically German because she was born in the [[Soviet Union]] to parents of the [[History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine and the Soviet Union|German minority in Russia.]]
</gallery>

Four other sizable groups of people are referred to as "national minorities" (''nationale Minderheiten'') because they have lived in their respective regions for centuries: [[Danes]], [[Frisians]], [[Romani people|Roma]] and [[Sinti]], and [[Sorbs]]. There is a [[Denmark|Danish]] minority (about 50,000, according to government sources) in the northernmost state of [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. Eastern and Northern [[Frisians]] live at Schleswig-Holstein's western coast, and in the north-western part of [[Lower Saxony]]. They are part of a wider community ([[Frisia]]) stretching from Germany to the northern [[Netherlands]]. The [[Sorbs]], a [[Slavic people]] with about 60,000 members (according to government sources), are in the [[Lusatia]] region of [[Free State of Saxony|Saxony]] and [[Brandenburg]]. They are the last remnants of the Slavs that lived in central and eastern Germany since the 7th century to have kept their traditions and not been completely integrated into the wider German nation.

Until [[World War II]] the [[Polish people|Poles]] were recognized as one of the national minorities. In 1924 the [[Union of Poles in Germany]] had initiated cooperation between all national minorities in Germany under the umbrella organization [[Association of National Minorities in Germany]]. Some of the union members wanted the Polish communities in easternmost Germany (now [[Poland]]) to join the newly established Polish nation after [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2017/01/world-war-i-restoring-poland/ | title=World War I: Restoring Poland &#124; Library of Congress Blog | date=25 January 2017 }}</ref> Even before the German invasion of Poland, leading anti-Nazi members of the Polish minority were deported to concentration camps; some were executed at the Piaśnica murder site. Minority rights for Poles in Germany were revoked by Hermann Göring's World War II decree of 27 February 1940, and their property was confiscated.

After the war ended, the German government did not re-implement national minority rights for ethnic Poles.  The reason for this is that the areas of Germany which formerly had a native Polish minority were annexed to Poland and the Soviet Union, while almost all of the native German populations (formerly the ethnic majority) in these areas [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|subsequently fled or were expelled by force]].  With the mixed German-Polish territories now lost, the German government subsequently regarded ethnic Poles residing in what remained of Germany as immigrants, just like any other ethnic population with a recent history of arrival.  In contrast, [[Germans in Poland|Germans living in Poland]] are recognized as national minority and have granted seats in Polish Parliament. It must be said, however, that an overwhelming number of Germans in Poland have centuries-old historical ties to the lands they now inhabit, whether from living in territory that once belonged to the German state, or from centuries-old communities. In contrast, most Poles in present-day Germany are recent immigrants, though there are some communities which have been present since the 19th and perhaps even the 18th centuries.  Despite protests by some in the older Polish-German communities, and despite Germany being now a signatory to the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Germany has so far refused to re-implement minority rights for ethnic Poles, based on the fact that almost all areas of historically mixed German-Polish heritage (where the minority rights formerly existed) are no longer part of Germany and because the vast majority of ethnic Poles now residing in Germany are recent immigrants.

[[Romani people|Roma people]] have been in Germany since the [[Middle Ages]]. They were persecuted by the [[Nazis]], and thousands of Roma living in Germany were killed by the Nazi regime. Nowadays, they are spread all over Germany, mostly living in major cities. It is difficult to estimate their exact number, as the German government counts them as "persons without migrant background" in their statistics. There are also many assimilated Sinti and Roma. A vague figure given by the German Department of the Interior is about 70,000. In contrast to the old-established Roma population, the majority of them do not have German citizenship, and are classified as [[immigrants]] or [[refugee]]s.

[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F079037-0017, Lager Friedland, Familie aus Sibirien.jpg|thumb|left|A family of so-called "Spätaussiedler" (repatriates of ethnic German origin), because the parents were born abroad they will be counted as "persons with immigrant background"]]

After World War II, 14 million ethnic Germans [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|were expelled]] from the [[Former eastern territories of Germany|eastern territories of Germany]] and homelands outside the former German Empire. The accommodation and integration of these ''[[Heimatvertriebene]]'' in the remaining part of Germany, in which many cities and millions of apartments had been destroyed, was a major effort in the post-war occupation zones and later states of Germany.

Since the 1960s, ethnic Germans from the [[People's Republic of Poland]] and [[Soviet Union]] (especially from [[Kazakhstan]], [[Russia]], and [[Ukraine]]), have come to Germany. During the time of [[Perestroika]], and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the number of immigrants increased heavily. Some of these immigrants are of mixed ancestry. During the 10-year period between 1987 and 2001, a total of 1,981,732 ethnic Germans from the FSU immigrated to Germany, along with more than a million of their non-German relatives. After 1997, however ethnic Slavs or those belonging to Slavic-Germanic mixed origins outnumbered those with only Germanic descent amongst the immigrants. The total number of people currently living in Germany having FSU connection is around 4 to 4.5 million (Including Germans, Slavs, Jews, and those of mixed origins), out of that more than 50% are of German descent.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Lilo Locher|title=Determining the shape of a migration wave |url=http://www.iza.org/iza/en/papers/transatlantic/1_locher.pdf|date=22 February 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040321130252/http://www.iza.org/iza/en/papers/transatlantic/1_locher.pdf|archive-date=21 March 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odessa3.org/journal/pohl.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054759/http://www.odessa3.org/journal/pohl.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=live|title=The Deportation and Destruction of the German Minority in the USSR|author=J. Otto Pohl|website=Odessa3.org|access-date=24 August 2017}}</ref>

Germany now has Europe's third-largest [[Jews|Jewish]] population. In 2004, twice as many Jews from former [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] republics settled in Germany as in [[Israel]], bringing the total inflow to more than 100,000 since 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/jewpop.html|title=Jewish Population of the World – Jewish Virtual Library|work=jewishvirtuallibrary.org|access-date=23 October 2015}}</ref> Jews have a voice in German public life through the [[Central Council of Jews in Germany]] (Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland). Some Jews from the former Soviet Union are of mixed heritage. Today, less than 0.1% of the total population of Germany is Jewish.

In 2019 there were also a growing number of at least 529,000 black [[Afro-Germans]] defined as people with an African migrant background.<ref name = "Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2019"/> Out of them more than 400 thousand have a citizenship of a Subsahara-African country,<ref name=Cit>{{cite web|access-date=1 July 2021 |title=Citizenship groups|url=https://www-genesis.destatis.de/genesis/online?operation=abruftabelleBearbeiten&levelindex=2&levelid=1625176435916&auswahloperation=abruftabelleAuspraegungAuswaehlen&auswahlverzeichnis=ordnungsstruktur&auswahlziel=werteabruf&code=12521-0002&auswahltext=&nummer=6&variable=6&name=GES&nummer=5&variable=5&name=LDRGR1&werteabruf=Werteabruf#abreadcrumb}}</ref> with others being German citizens. Most of them live in [[Berlin]] and [[Hamburg]]. Numerous persons from northern African [[Tunisia]] and [[Morocco]] live in Germany. While they are considered members of a minority group, for the most part, they do not consider themselves "Afro-Germans", nor are most of them perceived as such by the German people. However, Germany does not keep any statistics regarding ethnicity or race. Hence, the exact number of Germans of African descent is unknown.

Germany's biggest East Asian minorities are the [[Chinese people in Germany]], numbering 189,000<ref name = "Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2019"/>
and [[Vietnamese people in Germany]], numbering 188,000,<ref name = "Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2019"/> many of whom living in Berlin and eastern Germany.
Also there are about 35,000 [[Japanese people|Japanese]] citizens residing in Germany.<ref name=Cit2>{{cite web |access-date=2 July 2021 |title=All foreign citizenships |url=https://www-genesis.destatis.de/genesis/online?operation=ergebnistabelleUmfang&levelindex=3&levelid=1625182379678&downloadname=12521-0002#abreadcrumb}}</ref> There are also groups of [[South Asian]] and [[Southeast Asia]]n immigrants. Around 163,000 [[Indians in Germany|Indians]] and 124,000 [[Pakistanis in Germany|Pakistanis]] live in Germany.<ref name = "Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2019"/> Additionally some 30,000 [[Filipinos in Germany|Filipino]] citizens and more than 20,000 [[Overseas Indonesian|Indonesian]] citizens reside in Germany.<ref name=Cit2/>

Numerous descendants of the so-called ''[[Gastarbeiter]]'' live in Germany. The ''Gastarbeiter'' mostly came from [[Turkey]], [[Italy]], [[Greece]], [[Spain]], [[Morocco]], [[Portugal]], the former [[Yugoslavia]], [[Tunisia]] and [[Chile]].
Also included were [[Vietnam]], [[Mongolia]], [[North Korea]], [[Angola]], [[Mozambique]] and [[Cuba]] when the former East Germany existed until reunification in 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?id=235|title=Germany: Immigration in Transition|work=migrationpolicy.org|access-date=23 October 2015|date=July 2004}}</ref> The (socialist) German Democratic Republic (East Germany) however had their guest-workers stay in single-sex dormitories.<ref>Stephan Lanz: "Berlin aufgemischt&nbsp;— abendländisch&nbsp;— multikulturell&nbsp;— kosmopolitisch? Die politische Konstruktion einer Einwanderungsstadt". 2007. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag; p. 113</ref> Female guest workers had to sign contracts saying that they were not allowed to fall pregnant during their stay. If they fell pregnant nevertheless they faced [[forced abortion]] or deportation.<ref>Karin Weiss: "Die Einbindung ehemaliger vietnamesischer Vertragsarbeiterinnen und Vertragsarbeiter in Strukturen der Selbstorganisation", In: Almut Zwengel: "Die "Gastarbeiter der DDR&nbsp;— politischer Kontext und Lebenswelt". Studien zur DDR Gesellschaft; p. 264</ref> This is one of the reasons why the vast majority of ethnic minorities today lives in western Germany and also one of the reasons why minorities such as the Vietnamese have the most unusual [[population pyramid]], with nearly all second-generation Vietnamese Germans born after 1989.

[[File:Germans without a migrant background (2016).svg|thumb|Proportion of Germans without a migrant background (2016)]]
[[File:Map_foreign_nationals_germany_2016.png|upright|350px|thumb|Germany is home to the [[List of countries by immigrant population|second-largest number of international migrants worldwide]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/immigration-by-country | title=Immigration by Country 2024 }}</ref><ref name="International Migration Report 2017"/> In 2016, around 23% of Germany's population do not hold a German passport or are descendants of immigrants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/PresseService/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2017/08/PD17_261_12511.html|title=Pressemitteilungen – Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund um 8,5 % gestiegen – Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)|website=Destatis.de|access-date=24 August 2017}}</ref>]]