Editing Delaware River (section)

==Commerce==
===Wine regions===
{{See also|New Jersey wine|Pennsylvania wine}}

In 1984, the [[U.S. Department of the Treasury]] authorized the creation of a wine region or "[[American Viticultural Area]]" called the [[Central Delaware Valley AVA]] located in southeastern [[Pennsylvania]] and [[New Jersey]]. The [[wine]] [[appellation]] includes {{convert|96000|acre|ha|0}} surrounding the Delaware River north of [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] and [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], New Jersey.<ref>The Wine Institute. [http://www.iwineinstitute.com/ava/avabystate.asp "American Viticultural Areas by State"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127115948/http://www.iwineinstitute.com/ava/avabystate.asp |date=January 27, 2008}} (2008). Retrieved February 5, 2008.</ref> In Pennsylvania, it consists of the territory along the Delaware River in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks County]]; in New Jersey, the AVA spans along the river in [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Hunterdon County]] and [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer County]] from [[Titusville, New Jersey|Titusville]], New Jersey, just north of Trenton, northward to [[Musconetcong Mountain]].<ref name="CFR-CDVAVA">Code of Federal Regulations. [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title27-vol1/xml/CFR-2012-title27-vol1-sec9-49.xml Section 9.49 Central Delaware Valley.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422114416/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title27-vol1/xml/CFR-2012-title27-vol1-sec9-49.xml |date=April 22, 2013 }} (27 CFR 9.49) from ''Title 27 - Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms. CHAPTER I - ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. SUBCHAPTER A - LIQUORS. PART 9 - AMERICAN VITICULTURAL AREAS. Subpart C - Approved American Viticultural Areas.'' Retrieved June 30, 2013.</ref> As of 2013, there are no [[New Jersey wine]]ries in the Central Delaware Valley AVA.<ref name="CFR-CDVAVA"/><ref>New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control. "[[:File:New Jersey ABC.pdf|New Jersey ABC list of wineries, breweries, and distilleries]]" (February 5, 2013). Retrieved May 2, 2013. An analysis was done comparing a list of wineries provided by the New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control with the AVA's description in the Code of Federal Regulations.</ref>

===Shipping===
In the Project of 1885, the U.S. government undertook systematically the formation of a {{convert|26|ft|adj=on}} channel {{convert|600|ft}} wide from Philadelphia to deep water in [[Delaware Bay]]. The [[Rivers and Harbors Act|River and Harbor Act]] of 1899 provided for a {{convert|30|ft|adj=on}} channel {{convert|600|ft|m}} wide from Philadelphia to the deep water of the bay.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Delaware River|volume=7 |page=951}}</ref>

Since 1941, the Delaware River Main Channel was maintained at a depth of {{convert|40|ft|m|abbr=on}}. There is an effort underway to deepen the 102.5-mile stretch of this federal navigation channel, from [[Philadelphia]] and [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]] to the mouth of the Delaware Bay to 45 feet.<ref>United States Army Corps of Engineers. ''[https://www.nap.usace.army.mil/Missions/Civil-Works/Delaware-River-Main-Channel-Deepening/ Delaware River Main Channel Deepening]'' [https://www.nap.usace.army.mil/Missions/Civil-Works/Delaware-River-Main-Channel-Deepening/]. Retrieved July 25, 2013.</ref><ref>Ruch, Robert J. Ruch (Lt. Col.), District Engineer, Philadelphia District. ''[http://www.dvrpc.org/freight/pdf/2005-02_DERiverDRVPC.pdf Delaware River Main Channel Deepening Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221031/http://www.dvrpc.org/freight/pdf/2005-02_DERiverDRVPC.pdf |date=September 23, 2015 }}'' [[Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission]] (January 20, 2005). Retrieved July 14, 2013.</ref><ref name="USACEdeepen">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. ''[https://www.nap.usace.army.mil/Portals/39/docs/Civil/Deepening/Economic/Updated%20Economic%20Assessment%20of%20Relevant%20Market%20and%20Industry%20Trends%20-%20May%202011.pdf Delaware River Main Channel Deepening Project] ''. (May 2012). Retrieved July 14, 2013.</ref><ref>Delaware Riverkeeper. ''[http://www.delawareriverkeeper.org/resources/Factsheets/The_Delaware_River_Main_Channel_Deepening_Project.pdf The Delaware River Main Channel Deepening Project: Background] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716222826/http://www.delawareriverkeeper.org/resources/Factsheets/The_Delaware_River_Main_Channel_Deepening_Project.pdf |date=July 16, 2012 }}''. Retrieved July 14, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/16/05/23/epic-effort-to-deepen-delaware-river-shipping-channel-nears-end/|title=Epic Effort to Deepen Delaware River Shipping Channel Nears End |website=www.njspotlight.com – NJ Spotlight|date=May 24, 2016 |access-date=May 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528110252/http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/16/05/23/epic-effort-to-deepen-delaware-river-shipping-channel-nears-end/|archive-date=May 28, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/16/05/24/murky-bottom-will-deeper-delaware-river-make-philly-more-competitive/|title=Murky Bottom: Will Deeper Delaware River Make Philly More Competitive? |website=www.njspotlight.com – NJ Spotlight|date=May 25, 2016|access-date=May 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528110257/http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/16/05/24/murky-bottom-will-deeper-delaware-river-make-philly-more-competitive/|archive-date=May 28, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Delaware River port complex refers to the ports and energy facilities along the river in the tri-state [[Pennsylvania|PA]]-[[New Jersey|NJ]]-[[Delaware|DE]] [[Delaware Valley]] region. They include the [[Port of Salem]], the [[Port of Wilmington (Delaware)|Port of Wilmington]], the [[Port of Chester (Pennsylvania)|Port of Chester]], the [[Port of Paulsboro]], the [[Port of Philadelphia]] and the [[Port of Camden]]. Combined they create one of the largest shipping areas of the United States. In 2015, the ports of Philadelphia, Camden, and Wilmington handled 100&nbsp;million tons of cargo from 2,243 ship arrivals, and supported 135,000 direct or indirect jobs. The biggest category of imports was fruit, carried by 490 ships, followed by petroleum, and containers, with 410 and 381 ships, respectively. The biggest category of exports was of shipping was containers, with 470 ships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/16/05/23/delaware-river-ports-fight-for-market-share-as-dredging-project-nears-completion/|title=Delaware River Ports Fight For Market as Dredging Project Nears Completion |website=www.njspotlight.com – NJ Spotlight|date=May 23, 2016|access-date=May 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528110118/http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/16/05/23/delaware-river-ports-fight-for-market-share-as-dredging-project-nears-completion/|archive-date=May 28, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, 2,427 ships arrived at Delaware River port facilities. Fruit ships were counted at 577, petroleum at 474, and containerized cargo at 431.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.maritimedelriv.com/storage/app/media/Publications/Beacon/Issues/Beacon_Winter_2017.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=April 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411201441/https://www.maritimedelriv.com/storage/app/media/Publications/Beacon/Issues/Beacon_Winter_2017.pdf |archive-date=April 11, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

At one time it was a center for petroleum and chemical products and included facilities such as the [[Delaware City Refinery]], the [[Dupont Chambers Works]], Oceanport Terminal at [[Claymont, Delaware|Claymont]], the [[Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania|Marcus Hook]] Refinery, the [[Trainer Refinery]], the [[Port of Paulsboro#Petroleum|Paulsboro Asphalt Refinery]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://axeonsp.com/manufacturing/refinery/|title=Paulsboro Refinery|date=26 June 2013|access-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622112717/http://axeonsp.com/manufacturing/refinery/|archive-date=June 22, 2015|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-03/trump-plans-road-building-as-biggest-u-s-asphalt-plant-shuts |title=America's Biggest Asphalt Plant Is Shutting When the Country Might Need It Most |first=Robert |last=Tuttle |publisher=Bloomberg News |date=February 3, 2017 |access-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203214727/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-03/trump-plans-road-building-as-biggest-u-s-asphalt-plant-shuts |archive-date=February 3, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-refinery-asphalt-idUSKBN1522XE |title=Axeon plans to shutter New Jersey asphalt refinery: sources |first=Jarrett |last=Renshaw |work=Reuters |date=January 18, 2017 |access-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205101140/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-refinery-asphalt-idUSKBN1522XE |archive-date=February 5, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Port of Paulsboro|Paulsboro Refinery]], [[Eagle Point, New Jersey|Eagle Point]] Refinery, and Sunoco Fort Mifflin. As of 2011, [[crude oil]] was the largest single commodity transported on the Delaware River, accounting for half of all annual cargo tonnage.<ref name="USACEdeepen" /><ref>American Waterways. ''[http://www.americanwaterways.com/index/New_Jersey_OnePager.pdf New Jersey A key link in the nation's import/export economy]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Retrieve July 26, 2013.</ref>

===Crossings===
{{Main|List of crossings of the Delaware River}}

The Delaware River is a major barrier to travel between [[New Jersey]] and [[Pennsylvania]]. Most of the larger bridges are tolled only westbound, and are owned by the [[Delaware River and Bay Authority]], [[Delaware River Port Authority]], [[Burlington County Bridge Commission]] or [[Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission]].