Editing Coronary artery disease (section)

===Secondary prevention===
Secondary prevention is preventing further sequelae of already established disease. Effective lifestyle changes include:
* [[Weight control]]
* [[Smoking cessation]]
* Avoiding the consumption of [[trans fat]]s (in partially hydrogenated oils)
* Decreasing psychosocial [[stress (psychological)|stress]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Linden W, Stossel C, Maurice J | title = Psychosocial interventions for patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 156 | issue = 7 | pages = 745–52 | date = April 1996 | pmid = 8615707 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.1996.00440070065008 }}<!--|access-date=26 October 2015--></ref><ref name="Richards-2017" />
* [[Exercise]]

[[Aerobic exercise]], like walking, jogging, or swimming, can reduce the risk of mortality from coronary artery disease.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Cornish S, Mazereeuw G, Marzolini S, Sham L, Lanctôt KL | title = Exercise intervention and inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis | journal = American Heart Journal | volume = 163 | issue = 4 | pages = 666–76.e1–3 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22520533 | doi = 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.12.017 }}</ref> Aerobic exercise can help decrease blood pressure and the amount of blood cholesterol (LDL) over time. It also increases HDL cholesterol.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)|url=http://www.credoreference.com/entry/penguinbio/coronary_heart_disease_chd|location=Penguin Dictionary of Biology|year=2004}}</ref>

Although exercise is beneficial, it is unclear whether doctors should spend time counseling patients to exercise. The [[U.S. Preventive Services Task Force]] found "insufficient evidence" to recommend that doctors counsel patients on exercise but "it did not review the evidence for the effectiveness of physical activity to reduce chronic disease, morbidity, and mortality", only the effectiveness of counseling itself.<ref name="pmid12160370">{{cite journal | title = Behavioral counseling in primary care to promote physical activity: recommendation and rationale | journal = Annals of Internal Medicine | volume = 137 | issue = 3 | pages = 205–07 | date = August 2002 | pmid = 12160370 | doi = 10.7326/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00014 | s2cid = 38338385 | author1 = U.S. Preventive Services Task Force }}<!--|access-date=26 October 2015--></ref> The [[American Heart Association]], based on a non-systematic review, recommends that doctors counsel patients on exercise.<ref>{{cite journal |author6-link=Bess Marcus | vauthors = Thompson PD, Buchner D, Pina IL, Balady GJ, Williams MA, Marcus BH, Berra K, Blair SN, Costa F, Franklin B, Fletcher GF, Gordon NF, Pate RR, Rodriguez BL, Yancey AK, Wenger NK | display-authors = 6 | title = Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity) | journal = Circulation | volume = 107 | issue = 24 | pages = 3109–16 | date = June 2003 | pmid = 12821592 | doi = 10.1161/01.CIR.0000075572.40158.77 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Psychological symptoms are common in people with CHD. Many psychological treatments may be offered following cardiac events. There is no evidence that they change mortality, the risk of revascularization procedures, or the rate of non-fatal myocardial infarction.<ref name="Richards-2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Richards SH, Anderson L, Jenkinson CE, Whalley B, Rees K, Davies P, Bennett P, Liu Z, West R, Thompson DR, Taylor RS | display-authors = 6 | title = Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = CD002902 | date = April 2017 | pmid = 28452408 | pmc = 6478177 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD002902.pub4 | collaboration = Cochrane Heart Group }}</ref>

'''Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease'''

Early studies suggested that antibiotics might help patients with coronary disease to reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.<ref name="Sethi-2021">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sethi NJ, Safi S, Korang SK, Hróbjartsson A, Skoog M, Gluud C, Jakobsen JC | title = Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2 | issue = 5 | pages = CD003610 | date = February 2021 | pmid = 33704780 | pmc = 8094925 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003610.pub4 | collaboration = Cochrane Heart Group }}</ref> However, a 2021 Cochrane meta-analysis found that antibiotics given for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease are harmful to people with increased mortality and occurrence of stroke.<ref name="Sethi-2021" /> So, antibiotic use is not currently supported for preventing secondary coronary heart disease.