Editing Condensed matter physics (section)

==Applications==
[[File:Fullerene Nanogears - GPN-2000-001535.jpg|thumb|right|Computer simulation of ''nanogears'' made of [[fullerene]] molecules. It is hoped that advances in nanoscience will lead to machines working on the molecular scale.]]

Research in condensed matter physics<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/introduction-to-manybody-physics/B7598FC1FCEE0285F5EC767E835854C8|title=Introduction to Many-Body Physics|last=Coleman|first=Piers|date=2015|publisher=Cambridge Core|doi=10.1017/CBO9781139020916 |isbn=9780521864886 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref> has given rise to several device applications, such as the development of the [[semiconductor]] [[transistor]],<ref name=marvincohen2008 /> [[laser]] technology,<ref name=NRC1986 /> [[magnetic storage]], [[liquid crystals]], [[optical fibres]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Condensed Matter|url=https://live-sas-physics.pantheon.sas.upenn.edu/research/condensed-matter|website=Physics Pantheon|access-date=2023-11-30}}</ref> and several phenomena studied in the context of [[nanotechnology]].<ref name="2010Committee2007">{{cite book|author=Committee on CMMP 2010; Solid State Sciences Committee; Board on Physics and Astronomy; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research Council|title=Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics: The Science of the World Around Us|url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11967/condensed-matter-and-materials-physics-the-science-of-the-world|date=21 December 2007|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-13409-5|doi=10.17226/11967}}</ref>{{rp|111ff}} Methods such as [[Scanning tunneling microscope|scanning-tunneling microscopy]] can be used to control processes at the [[nanometer]] scale, and have given rise to the study of nanofabrication.<ref name=yeh-perspective>{{cite journal |last=Yeh|first=Nai-Chang |title=A Perspective of Frontiers in Modern Condensed Matter Physics |journal=AAPPS Bulletin|year=2008|volume=18|issue=2 |url = https://yehgroup.caltech.edu/files/2016/08/AAPPS_v18_no2_pg11.pdf |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref> Such molecular machines were developed for example by Nobel laureates in chemistry [[Ben Feringa]], [[Jean-Pierre Sauvage]] and [[Fraser Stoddart]]. Feringa and his team developed multiple molecular machines such as the [[molecular car]], molecular windmill and many more.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kudernac |first1=Tibor |last2=Ruangsupapichat |first2=Nopporn |last3=Parschau |first3=Manfred |last4=Maciá |first4=Beatriz |last5=Katsonis |first5=Nathalie |last6=Harutyunyan |first6=Syuzanna R. |last7=Ernst |first7=Karl-Heinz |last8=Feringa |first8=Ben L. |date=2011-11-01 |title=Electrically driven directional motion of a four-wheeled molecule on a metal surface |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10587 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=479 |issue=7372 |pages=208–211 |doi=10.1038/nature10587 |pmid=22071765 |bibcode=2011Natur.479..208K |s2cid=6175720 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>

In [[quantum computation]], information is represented by quantum bits, or [[qubit]]s. The qubits may [[quantum decoherence|decohere]] quickly before useful computation is completed. This serious problem must be solved before quantum computing may be realized. To solve this problem, several promising approaches are proposed in condensed matter physics, including [[Josephson junction]] qubits, [[spintronic]] qubits using the [[Spin (physics)|spin]] orientation of magnetic materials, and the topological non-Abelian [[anyon]]s from [[fractional quantum Hall effect]] states.<ref name=yeh-perspective />

Condensed matter physics also has important uses for [[biomedicine]]. For example, [[magnetic resonance imaging]] is widely used in medical imaging of soft tissue and other physiological features which cannot be viewed with traditional x-ray imaging.<ref name=yeh-perspective />