Editing Commuter rail (section)

====East Asia====
[[File:Series-E235-0_9.jpg|thumb|right|An [[E235 series]] train operating a through service on the [[JR East]] [[Yamanote Line]], an example of high-density commuter rail in Japan.]]
In Japan, commuter rail systems have extensive network and frequent service and are heavily used. In many cases, Japanese commuter rail is operationally more like a typical metro system (frequent trains, an emphasis on [[standing passenger]]s, short station spacings) than it is like commuter rail in other countries. Japanese commuter rail commonly interline with city center subway lines, with commuter rail trains continuing into the subway network, and then out onto different commuter rail systems on the other side of the city. Many Japanese commuter systems operate various stopping patterns to reduce the travel time to distant locations, often using station [[Passing loop|passing loops]] instead of dedicated express tracks. It is notable that the larger Japanese commuter rail systems are owned and operated by for-profit [[private railway]] companies, without public subsidy.

[[East Japan Railway Company]] operates a large suburban train network in [[Tokyo]] with various lines connecting the suburban areas to the city center. While the [[Yamanote Line]], [[Keihin Tohoku Line]], [[Chūō–Sōbu Line]] services arguably are more akin to [[rapid transit]] with frequent stops, simple stopping patterns (relative to other JR East lines) no branching services and largely serving the inner suburbs; other services along the [[Chūō Line (Rapid)|Chūō Rapid Line]], [[Sōbu Line (Rapid)|Sōbu Rapid Line]]/[[Yokosuka Line]], [[Ueno–Tokyo Line]], [[Shōnan–Shinjuku Line]] etc. are mid-distance services from suburban lines in the outer reaches of Greater Tokyo through operating into these lines to form a high frequency corridor though central Tokyo.

Other commuter rail routes in Japan include:
* [[Hanshin Namba Line]] and [[Nara Line (Kintetsu)#Kintetsu Namba Line|Kintetsu Namba Line]] have a busy east west underground section that allow trains from both [[Hanshin Electric Railway]] and [[Kintetsu Railway]] to access [[Namba]], a major commercial center of Osaka, and service destinations east and west of Osaka.
* [[Osaka Metro]] [[Sakaisuji Line]] is a north south line that allows [[Hankyu]] services from the [[Hankyu Senri Line|Senri Line]], [[Hankyu Kyoto Main Line|Kyoto Main Line]] and [[Hankyu Arashiyama Line|Arashiyama Line]] to enter Osaka city center.
* [[JR West]] [[Tozai Line (JR West)|Tozai Line]] is an underground east west corridor allowing trains from the [[JR Kobe Line|Kobe Line]], [[JR Takarazuka Line|Takarazuka Line]] and [[Gakkentoshi Line]] to access [[Umeda]] in central Osaka.
*JR West [[Osaka Loop Line]] is a mostly elevated loop line that allows for services from the [[Yamatoji Line]], [[Hanwa Line]] and [[Sakurajima Line]] to loop around central Osaka.
*JR West [[JR Kobe Line|Kobe Line]]/[[JR Kyoto Line|Kyoto Line]] is a four track corridor allowing [[Biwako Line]], [[Kosei Line]], [[JR Takarazuka Line|Takarazuka Line]], [[San'yō Main Line]] and [[Akō Line]] services to service [[Kyoto]], [[Osaka]] and [[Kobe]].
*A special private railway [[Kōbe Rapid Transit Railway]] owns two underground corridors (a north south and east west line) that allow for [[Sanyo Electric Railway]], [[Hankyu|Hankyu railway]], [[Hanshin Electric Railway]] and [[Kobe Electric Railway]] services to enter and cross Kobe city center.
* Most of the trains on the [[Meitetsu]] network through operate into a high frequency trunk line on the [[Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line]] branching out to other lines on the other side of [[Nagoya]].

Commuter rail systems have been inaugurated in several cities in China such as [[Beijing Suburban Railway|Beijing]], [[Shanghai Suburban Railway|Shanghai]], [[Central Plain Metropolitan Intercity Rail|Zhengzhou]], [[Wuhan Metropolitan Area Intercity Railway|Wuhan]], [[Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Intercity Railway|Changsha]] and the [[Pearl River Delta Rapid Transit|Pearl River Delta]]. With plans for large systems in northeastern [[Zhejiang]], [[Jingjinji]], and [[Yangtze River Delta]] areas. The level of service varies considerably from line to line ranging [[high speed rail|high]] to near high speeds. More developed and established lines such as the [[Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway|Guangshen Railway]] have more frequent metro-like service. 

The two [[MTR]] lines which are owned and formerly operated by the [[Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation]] ([[East Rail line]] and [[Tuen Ma line]] which is integrated from the former [[West Rail line]] and [[Ma On Shan line]] in 2021), then the [[Kowloon–Canton Railway|"KCR"]]), and MTR's own [[Tung Chung line]] connect the new towns in [[New Territories]] and the city centre [[Kowloon]] together with frequent intervals, and some New Territories-bound trains terminate at intermediate stations, providing more frequent services in Kowloon and the towns closer to Kowloon. They use rolling stocks with a faster maximum speed and have longer stop spacing compared to other lines which only run in the inner urban area, but in order to maximise capacity and throughput, these rolling stocks have longitudinal seatings, 5 pairs of doors in each carriage with large standing spaces like the urban lines, and run as frequent as well. Most of the sections of these four lines are overground and some sections of the East Rail Line share tracks with intercity trains to [[mainland China]]. The three KCR lines are integrated into the MTR network since 2008 and most passengers do not need to exit and re-enter the system through separate fare gates and purchase separate tickets to transfer between such lines and the rest of the network (the exceptions are between the Tuen Ma line's [[East Tsim Sha Tsui station]] and the Tsuen Wan line's [[Tsim Sha Tsui station]].

In Taiwan, the [[Western Trunk line|Western line]] in the [[Taipei]]-[[Taoyuan City|Taoyuan]] Metropolitan Area, [[Taichung]] Metropolitan Area and [[Tainan]]-[[Kaohsiung]] Metropolitan Area as well as the [[Neiwan line|Neiwan]]-[[Liujia line]] in the [[Hsinchu]] Area are considered commuter rail.

In South Korea, the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]] includes a total of 22 lines, and some of its lines are suburban lines. This is especially the case for lines operated by [[Korail]], such as the [[Gyeongui-Jungang Line]], the [[Gyeongchun Line]], the [[Suin-Bundang Line]], or the [[Gyeonggang Line]]. Even some lines not operated by Korail, such as the [[AREX]] Line, the [[Seohae Line]] or the [[Shinbundang Line]] mostly function as commuter rail. Lastly, even for the "numbered lines" (1–9) of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway which mostly travel in the dense parts of Seoul, some track sections extend far outside of the city, and operate large sections at ground level, such as on the [[Seoul Subway Line 1|Line 1]], [[Seoul Subway Line 3|Line 3]] and [[Seoul Subway Line 4|Line 4]]. In Busan, the [[Donghae Line]], while part of the [[Busan Metro]] system, mostly functions as a commuter rail line.