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====Other Germanic languages==== *[[Old Norse]]: The definite article was the enclitic {{lang|non|-inn}}, {{lang|non|-in}}, {{lang|non|-itt}} (masculine, feminine and neuter nominative singular), as in {{lang|non|álfrinn}} ("the elf"), {{lang|non|gjǫfin}} ("the gift"), and {{lang|non|tréit}} ("the tree"), an abbreviated form of the independent pronoun {{lang|non|hinn}}, [[cognate]] of the German pronoun {{lang|de|jener}}. It was fully declined for gender, case and number. Since both the noun and enclitic were declined, this led to "double declension". The situation remains similar in modern [[Faroese language|Faroese]] and [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], but in [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]], the enclitics have become [[Suffix#Inflectional suffixes|endings]]. Old Norse had also some enclitics of personal pronouns that were attached to verbs. These were {{lang|non|-sk}} (from {{lang|non|sik}}), {{lang|non|-mk}} (from {{lang|non|mik}}), {{lang|non|-k}} (from {{lang|non|ek}}), and {{lang|non|-ðu / -du / -tu}} (from {{lang|non|þú}}). These could even be stacked up, e.g. {{lang|non|fásktu}} ([[Hávamál]], stanza 116). *[[Dutch language|Dutch]]: {{lang|nl|'t}} definite article of neuter nouns and third person singular neuter pronoun, {{lang|nl|'k}} first person pronoun, {{lang|nl|je}} second person singular pronoun, {{lang|nl|ie}} third person masculine singular pronoun, {{lang|nl|ze}} third person plural pronoun * [[Plautdietsch]]: {{lang|pdt|Deit'a't vondoag?}} ("Will he do it today?") *[[Gothic language|Gothic]]: Sentence clitics appear in 2nd position in accordance with [[Wackernagel's Law]], including {{lang|got|-u}} ([[yes–no question]]), {{lang|got|-uh}} ("and"), {{lang|got|þan}} ("then"), {{lang|got|ƕa}} ("anything"), for example {{lang|got|ab-'''u''' þus silbin}} ("of thyself?"). Multiple clitics could be stacked up, and split a [[preverb]] from its rest of the verb if the preverb comes at the beginning of the clause, e.g. {{lang|got|diz-'''uh-þan'''-sat ijōs}} ("and then he seized them (fem.)"), {{lang|got|ga-'''u-ƕa'''-sēƕi}} ("whether he saw anything"). *[[Yiddish]]: The unspecified pronoun {{lang|yi|מען}} can be contracted to {{lang|yi|מ'}}.
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