Editing Christina, Queen of Sweden (section)

== Revisiting Sweden ==
[[File:Porträtt. Drottning Kristina. Wuchters - Skoklosters slott - 47811 (cropped).tif|thumb|Portrait of Christina; painted in 1661 by [[Abraham Wuchters]] ]]

In April 1660 Christina was informed that Charles X Gustav had died in February. His son, [[Charles XI of Sweden|Charles XI]], was only five years old. That summer, <!--disillusioned with Catholicism?,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.clark.edu/afisher/Examples/example%20253.pdf|title=Script from Clark.edu}}</ref>--> she went to Sweden, pointing out that she had left the throne to her first cousin and his descendant, so if Charles XI died, she would take over the throne again. But as she was a Catholic that was impossible, and the clergy refused to let the priests in her entourage celebrate any Masses. Christina left Stockholm and went to Norrköping.<!--{{clarify|what kind of "area"?|date=October 2014}} See earlier: Financially she was secured through revenue from the town of Norrköping--> Eventually she submitted to a second renunciation of the throne, spending a year in Hamburg to get her finances in order on her way back to Rome. Already in 1654, she had left her income to the banker [[:de:Diego Teixeira|Diego Teixeira]] in return for him sending her a monthly allowance and covering her debts in Antwerp. She visited the Teixeira family at [[Jungfernstieg]] and entertained them in her own lodgings.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14288-teixeira| title=Teixeira| first1=Isidore| last1=Singer| first2=Meyer| last2=Kayserling| encyclopedia=[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]| year=1906| publisher=[[Funk and Wagnalls]]| location=[[New York City]]| access-date=12 September 2018}}</ref>

In the summer of 1662, she arrived in Rome for the third time, followed by some fairly happy years. A variety of complaints and allegations made her resolve in 1666 once more to return to Sweden.  She proceeded no farther than [[Norrköping]], where she received a decree she was only allowed to settle in Swedish Pomerania. Christina immediately decided to go back to Hamburg. There she was informed that Alexander VII, her patron and tormentor, had died in May 1667. The new pope [[Pope Clement IX|Clement IX]], <!--elected in June-->a victory for the [[Squadrone Volante]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LS_hcE9L77EC&pg=PA142|title=Archivum Historiae Pontificiae|date=10 July 1992|publisher=Gregorian Biblical BookShop|access-date=10 July 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://popes-and-papacy.com/wordpress/cardinal-stories-cardinal-decio-azzolino-the-younger/|title=Cardinal Stories. Cardinal Decio Azzolino (the younger) – Popes and Papacy|website=popes-and-papacy.com|access-date=10 July 2017|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625172859/http://popes-and-papacy.com/wordpress/cardinal-stories-cardinal-decio-azzolino-the-younger/|archive-date=25 June 2017}}</ref> had been a regular guest at her palace. In her delight at his election, she threw a brilliant party at her lodgings in Hamburg, with illuminations and wine in the fountain outside. The party enraged Hamburg's Lutheran populace, and the party ended in a shooting, an attempt to seize the Queen, and her escape in disguise through a back door.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/historychristin00lacogoog |page=223 |title=The History of Christina: Queen of Sweden |date=10 July 1766 |publisher=G. Kearsly |access-date=10 July 2017|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Again she met with the [[freethinker]] and [[ophthalmology|eye doctor]] [[Giuseppe Francesco Borri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levity.com/alchemy/queen_christina.html|title=Queen Christina of Sweden (1626-1689), the Porta Magica and the Italian poets of the Golden- and Rosy Cross|website=www.levity.com|access-date=10 July 2017|archive-date=27 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527230251/http://www.levity.com/alchemy/queen_christina.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 16 September 1668, [[John II Casimir Vasa|John II Casimir]] abdicated the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish–Lithuanian]] throne and left to France. The [[Royal elections in Poland|Polish monarchy was elective]] and Christina, as a member of the House of Vasa, put herself forward as a candidate for the throne.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_CxAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT179|title=Dark History of the Kings & Queens of Europe|first=Brenda Ralph|last=Lewis|date=1 December 2011|publisher=Amber Books Ltd|access-date=10 July 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781908696342}}</ref> She recommended herself being Catholic, an old maid and intended to remain one.<ref name="Francis">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3Ou3L-hNKsC&pg=PA284|title=The Court of Christina of Sweden, and the Later Adventures of the Queen in Exile|first=Francis|last=Gribble|date=1 June 2010|publisher=Wildside Press LLC|access-date=10 July 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9781434420466}}</ref> She had Pope Clement IX's support; but her failure seemed to please her since this meant that she could return to her beloved Azzolino.<ref name="Francis" /> She left the city on 20 October 1668.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DYkKAQAAMAAJ&q=October+1668+christina+Hamburg|title=Nouvelles de la République Des Lettres|date=10 July 1992|publisher=Prismi|access-date=10 July 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><!--Azzolino ensured that she was reconciled with the pope, and that the latter granted her a pension. May be another Pope?--><ref>F.F. Blok, C.S.M. Rademaker en J. de Vet, ‘Verdwaalde papieren van de familie Vossius uit de zeventiende eeuw’, in Lias 33 (2006), p. 50–107, de briefuitgave op p. 101–105.</ref>