Editing Choline (section)

==Intake in populations==
Twelve surveys undertaken in 9 EU countries between 2000 and 2011 estimated choline intake of adults in these countries to be 269–468 milligrams per day. Intake was 269–444&nbsp;mg/day in adult women and 332–468&nbsp;mg/day in adult men. Intake was 75–127&nbsp;mg/day in infants, 151–210&nbsp;mg/day in 1- to 3-year-olds, 177–304&nbsp;mg/day in 3- to 10-year-olds and 244–373&nbsp;mg/day in 10- to 18-year-olds. The total choline intake mean estimate was 336&nbsp;mg/day in pregnant adolescents and 356&nbsp;mg/day in pregnant women.<ref name=eu/>

A study based on the [[NHANES]] 2009–2012 survey estimated the choline intake to be too low in some US subpopulations. Intake was 315.2–318.8&nbsp;mg/d in 2+ year olds between this time period. Out of 2+ year olds, only {{val|15.6|0.8}}% of males and {{val|6.1|0.6}}% of females exceeded the adequate intake (AI). AI was exceeded by {{val|62.9|3.1}}% of 2- to 3-year-olds, {{val|45.4|1.6}}% of 4- to 8-year-olds, {{val|9.0|1.0}}% of 9- to 13-year-olds, {{val|1.8|0.4}}% of 14–18 and {{val|6.6|0.5}}% of 19+ year olds. Upper intake level was not exceeded in any subpopulations.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wallace TC, Fulgoni VL | title = Assessment of Total Choline Intakes in the United States | journal = Journal of the American College of Nutrition | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 108–12 | date = 2016 | pmid = 26886842 | doi = 10.1080/07315724.2015.1080127 | s2cid = 24063121 }}</ref>

A 2013–2014 NHANES study of the US population found the choline intake of 2- to 19-year-olds to be {{val|256|3.8}}&nbsp;mg/day and {{val|339|3.9}}&nbsp;mg/day in adults 20 and over. Intake was {{val|402|6.1}}&nbsp;mg/d in men 20 and over and 278&nbsp;mg/d in women 20 and over.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf|title=What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013–2014|access-date=2019-10-24}}</ref>