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===Development of Hydrofluoroolefins as alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs=== {{Main|Hydrofluoroolefins}} The development of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) as replacements for Hydrochlorofluorocarbons and Hydrofluorocarbons began after the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol in 2016, which called for the phase out of high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants and to replace them with other refrigerants with a lower GWP, closer to that of carbon dioxide.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rusch |first=George M. |date=2018 |title=The development of environmentally acceptable fluorocarbons |journal=Critical Reviews in Toxicology |volume=48 |issue=8 |pages=615β665 |doi=10.1080/10408444.2018.1504276 |pmid=30474464|s2cid=53745498 }}</ref> HFOs have an ozone depletion potential of 0.0, compared to the 1.0 of principal CFC-11, and a low GWP which make them environmentally safer alternatives to CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Environmental Benefits of HFOs |url=https://sustainability.honeywell.com/us/en/news-and-events/news/2020/06/the-environmental-benefits-of-hfos |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=sustainability.honeywell.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Anup Kumar |date=2023-07-11 |title=What are HFO Refrigerants? Their Benefits and Applications |url=https://whatispiping.com/hfo-refrigerants/ |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=What is Piping |language=en-us}}</ref> Hydrofluoroolefins serve as functional replacements for applications where high GWP hydrofluorocarbons were once used. In April 2022, the EPA signed a pre-published final rule Listing of HFO-1234yf under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program for Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning in Nonroad Vehicles and Servicing Fittings for Small Refrigerant Cans. This ruling allows HFO-1234yf to take over in applications where ozone depleting CFCs such as R-12, and high GWP HFCs such as R-134a were once used.<ref>{{cite web | title=Association of Equipment Manufacturers | website=AEM | url=https://www.aem.org/not-found | access-date=17 May 2024}}</ref> The phaseout and replacement of CFCs and HFCs in the automotive industry will ultimately reduce the release of these gases to atmosphere and in turn have a positive contribution to the mitigation of climate change.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Automobile Air Conditioners and Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) |url=https://p2infohouse.org/ref/01/00038.htm |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=p2infohouse.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-09 |title=Phasing Down HFCs |url=https://www.nrdc.org/resources/phasing-down-hfcs |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=www.nrdc.org |language=en}}</ref>
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