Editing Boeing 767 (section)

==Design==

===Overview===
[[File:G-BNWA British Airways B767-300 planform.jpg|thumb|Planform view of a {{not a typo|767-300}}, showing its 156&nbsp;ft 1&nbsp;in (47.57&nbsp;m) wide wing with a 3,050&nbsp;ft<sup>2</sup> (283.3&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>) area and a 31.5° [[wing sweep|sweepback]],<ref name=civilJetAircraftDesign/> for a {{#expr:47.57/(283.3/47.57)round2}}:1 [[wing aspect ratio|aspect ratio]]|alt=Underside view of a jet in-flight. Each wing of the two wings have an engine. Towards the left are the horizontal stabilizers.]]

The 767 is a low-wing [[Cantilever wing|cantilever monoplane]] with a conventional tail unit featuring a single fin and rudder. The wings are swept at 31.5 degrees and optimized for a cruising speed of [[Mach number|Mach]] 0.8 ({{cvt|533|mph|sigfig=3|disp=or}}).<ref name=no22/> Each wing features a [[supercritical airfoil]] cross-section and is equipped with six-panel [[leading edge slat]]s, single- and double-slotted [[Flap (aircraft)|flaps]], inboard and outboard [[aileron]]s, and six [[spoiler (aeronautics)|spoilers]].<ref name=saver/><ref name=b15>{{Harvnb|Birtles|1999|pp=15–16.}}</ref> The [[airframe]] further incorporates [[Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer]] [[composite material]] wing surfaces, [[Kevlar]] [[Aircraft fairing|fairings]] and access panels, plus improved [[aluminium alloy|aluminum alloys]], which together reduce overall weight by {{convert|1900|lb|kg}} versus preceding aircraft.<ref name=saver/>

To distribute the aircraft's weight on the ground, the 767 has a retractable [[tricycle landing gear]] with four wheels on each main gear and two for the nose gear.<ref name=saver/> The original wing and gear design accommodated the stretched 767-300 without major changes.<ref name=no163/> The 767-400ER features a larger, more widely spaced main gear with 777 wheels, tires, and brakes.<ref name=no119>{{harvnb|Norris|Wagner|1999|pp=119, 121}}</ref> To prevent damage if the tail section contacts the runway surface during takeoff, 767-300 and 767-400ER models are fitted with a retractable [[tailstrike|tailskid]].<ref name=no119/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2004/december/i_tt.html |title=Striking out tailstrikes|first=Katherine |last=Sopranos|work=Frontiers|date=December 2004|access-date=August 21, 2012}}</ref>

All passenger Boeing 767 models have full-sized doors at the front and rear of the aircraft.<ref name="767_airport_report" /> Most -200 and -200ER models feature a single [[overwing exit]], though an optional second overwing exit increases maximum capacity from 255 to 290.<ref name="easa">{{cite web |date=February 24, 2021 |title=Type-Certificate Data Sheet |url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/TCDS%20767.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/TCDS%20767.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |access-date=September 22, 2022 |publisher=European Aviation Safety Agency |page=4}}</ref> The 767-300 and 767-300ER typically have either two overwing exits or an additional full-sized mid-cabin door along with a single overwing exit.<ref name="easa" /> A higher-capacity configuration includes the full-sized mid-cabin door a smaller exit door aft the wing, raising the maximum capacity from 290 to 351.<ref name="easa" /> The 767-400ER is configured with the full-sized mid-cabin door a smaller exit door aft the wing.<ref name="easa" /> The 767-300F cargo model has a single exit door on the forward left side of the aircraft.<ref name="easa" />

[[File:Boeing 767 Nose Section 41.jpg|thumb|The 767 has the same cockpit windows as the [[Boeing 757]].|alt=Close up view of a green Section 41, the nose section of a 767. Installation is not yet complete for the window panes.]]
In addition to shared avionics and computer technology, the 767 uses the same [[auxiliary power unit]], electric power systems, and hydraulic parts as the 757.<ref name=intro>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1982/1982%20-%200014.html|title=Boeing 757: introducing the big-fan narrowbody|date=January 2, 1983|last=Velupillai|first=David|work=Flight International|access-date=February 2, 2011}}</ref> A raised cockpit floor and the same forward cockpit windows result in similar pilot viewing angles.<ref>{{harvnb|Norris|Wagner|1996|p=69}}</ref> Related design and functionality allows 767 pilots to obtain a common [[type rating]] to operate the 757 and share the same [[seniority]] roster with pilots of either aircraft.<ref name=no23/><ref>{{harvnb|Wells|Clarence|2004|p=252}}</ref>

===Flight systems===
[[File:B767-322 flight deck.jpg|thumb|The early 767-300 flight deck with [[electronic flight instrument system]] (EFIS) and [[electronic flight instrument system#Engine indications and crew alerting system (EICAS) / electronic centralized aircraft monitoring (ECAM)|EICAS]] screens allowed two-crew operations]]
[[File:Boeing 767-432 flight deck.jpg|thumb|The 767-400 flight deck featured larger displays, earlier models could be upgraded with similar displays]]

The original Boeing 767 flight deck features a two-crew [[glass cockpit]], the first of its kind on a Boeing airliner, developed jointly with the [[narrow-body aircraft|narrow-body]] 757. This design allows for a common pilot [[type rating]] between the two aircraft. The cockpit includes six [[Rockwell Collins]] CRT screens that display [[electronic flight instrument system]] (EFIS) and [[Electronic flight instrument system#Engine indications and crew alerting system (EICAS) / electronic centralized aircraft monitoring (ECAM)|engine indication and crew alerting system]] (EICAS) information, eliminating the need for a [[flight engineer]] by enabling pilots to manage monitoring tasks.<ref name="no23" /><ref>{{harvnb|Birtles|1999|pp=20, 25}}</ref>  These CRT screens replace the traditional [[electromechanics|electromechanical]] instruments used in earlier aircraft.<ref name="no23" /> The aircraft's enhanced flight management system, an improvement over early Boeing 747 versions, automates navigation and other functions.<ref name="no23" /> Additionally, an [[Autoland|automatic landing]] system supports [[Instrument landing system|CAT IIIb]] instrument landings in low-visibility conditions.<ref name="saver" /><ref>Young, David (June 17, 1982). "767's maiden O'Hare landing is automatic". ''Chicago Tribune'', p. 3</ref> In 1984, the 767 became the first aircraft to receive FAA certification for CAT IIIb landings, permitting operations with a minimum visibility of {{convert|980|ft|m|sp=us}}.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 13, 2007 |title=FAA Order 8900.1 Flight Standards Information Management System (FSIMS), Volume 4 Aircraft Equipment and Operational Authorizations |url=http://fsims.faa.gov/wdocs/8900.1/v04%20ac%20equip%20%26%20auth/chapter%2002/04_002_001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721040233/http://fsims.faa.gov/wdocs/8900.1/v04%20ac%20equip%20%26%20auth/chapter%2002/04_002_001.htm |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |access-date=July 29, 2011 |publisher=Federal Aviation Administration |quote=RVR 300, Runway Visual Range 300 meters}}</ref> The 767-400ER further simplifies the cockpit layout with six Rockwell Collins LCD screens, designed for operational similarity with the [[Boeing 777|777]] and [[737NG]].<ref>{{harvnb|Norris|Wagner|1999|p=117}}</ref> To maintain [[Fleet commonality|commonality]], these LCD screens can be configured to present information in the same format as earlier 767 models.<ref name="f63" /> In 2012, Rockwell Collins introduced a 787-inspired cockpit upgrade for the 767, featuring three landscape-format LCD screens capable of displaying two windows each.<ref>{{cite web |last=Warwick |first=Graham |date=July 10, 2012 |title=Boeing's KC-46A Tanker Sparks 767 Cockpit Upgrade |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckPostId=Blog:c757984d-8899-488d-bc38-5d2824ba71b3Post:893ca4a0-c2c6-41f5-afb9-4040e430dce7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221221440/http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckPostId=Blog%3Ac757984d-8899-488d-bc38-5d2824ba71b3Post%3A893ca4a0-c2c6-41f5-afb9-4040e430dce7 |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |access-date=July 4, 2015 |work=Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>

===Interior===
[[File:Boeing 767-360-ER, Ethiopian Airlines AN0715739.jpg|thumb|[[Economy class]] with two aisles and seven seats per row in 2–3–2 layout.]]
The 767 features a twin-aisle cabin with a typical configuration of six abreast in [[business class]] and seven across in [[economy class|economy]].<ref name=767_airport_report/> The standard seven abreast, 2–3–2 economy class layout places approximately 87&nbsp;percent of all seats at a window or aisle.<ref name=kane553>{{harvnb|Kane|2003|p=553}}</ref> As a result, the aircraft can be largely occupied before center seats need to be filled,<ref name=saver/> and each passenger is no more than one seat from the aisle.<ref name=kane553/> It is possible to configure the aircraft with extra seats for up to an eight abreast configuration,<ref name=767_airport_report/> but this is less common.<ref name=Haenggi_p34>{{harvnb|Haenggi|2003|p=34}}</ref>

The 767 interior introduced larger [[Airliner#Overhead bins|overhead bins]] and more lavatories per passenger than previous aircraft.<ref name=reshaped/> The bins are wider to accommodate [[garment bag]]s without folding, and strengthened for heavier carry-on items.<ref name=reshaped>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/24/travel/how-airline-cabins-are-being-reshaped.html|title=How Airline Cabins are being Reshaped|work=The New York Times|date=May 24, 1981|last=Pace|first=Eric|access-date=February 1, 2011}}</ref> A single, large [[Galley (kitchen)|galley]] is installed near the aft doors, allowing for more efficient meal service and simpler ground resupply.<ref name=reshaped/> Passenger and service doors are an overhead [[Plug door|plug]] type, which retract upwards,<ref name=767_airport_report/> and commonly used doors can be equipped with an [[electric motor|electric-assist]] system.<ref name=saver/>

In 2000, a 777-style interior, known as the Boeing Signature Interior, debuted on the 767-400ER.<ref name=hit>{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2003/april/i_ca2.html|title=Boeing Signature Interior a hit with flying public|work=Frontiers|author=Davis, Elizabeth|date=April 2003|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Subsequently, adopted for all new-build 767s, the Signature Interior features even larger overhead bins, indirect lighting, and sculpted, curved panels.<ref>{{harvnb|Norris|Wagner|1999|p=122}}</ref> The 767-400ER also received larger windows derived from the 777.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2000/2000-1%20-%200316.html|title=Stretching and Testing|first=Guy|last=Norris|work=Flight International|access-date=August 19, 2011|date=July 24, 2000}}</ref> Older 767s can be retrofitted with the Signature Interior.<ref name=hit/> Some operators have adopted a simpler modification known as the Enhanced Interior, featuring curved ceiling panels and indirect lighting with minimal modification of cabin architecture,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boeing.mediaroom.com/2005-03-09-Thomsonfly.com-Launches-Enhanced-Interior-Package-for-Boeing-757-200-and-767-200|title=Thomsonfly.com Launches Enhanced Interior Package for Boeing 757-200 and 767-200|publisher=Boeing|date=March 9, 2005|access-date=July 4, 2015}}</ref> as well as aftermarket modifications such as the NuLook 767 package by Heath Tecna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heath.com/Capabilities/Product-Showcase/B767-IUS/Description.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001002558/http://www.heath.com/Capabilities/Product-Showcase/B767-IUS/Description.aspx|archive-date=October 1, 2011|title=B767 Interior Upgrade Systems|publisher=Heath Tecna|access-date=August 18, 2011}}</ref>