Editing Blade Runner (section)

=== Cultural analysis ===
Academics began analyzing the film almost as soon as it was released. One of the first books on the film was Paul M. Sammon's ''Future Noir: The Making of Blade Runner'' (1996),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sammon |first=Paul M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Al2lPwAACAAJ |title=Future Noir: The Making of Blade Runner |date=1996 |publisher=Orion Media |isbn=978-0-7528-0740-9 |language=en|access-date=October 1, 2020|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414015432/https://books.google.com/books?id=Al2lPwAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> which dissects all the details concerning the film's production. He was followed by [[Scott Bukatman]]'s ''Blade Runner''<ref>Bukatman, Scott. ''Blade Runner''. London: BFI, 1997.</ref> and other books and academic articles.<ref>{{citation |last=Williams |first=Douglas E. |url=https://philosophy.as.uky.edu/sites/default/files/Ideology%20as%20Dystopia%20-%20An%20Interpretation%20of%20Blade%20Runner%20-%20Douglas%20E.%20Williams.pdf |title=Ideology as Dystopia: An Interpretation of "Blade Runner" |work=[[International Political Science Review]] |volume=9 |issue=4 |date=October 1988 |pages=381–394 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |jstor=1600763 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160708052749/https://philosophy.as.uky.edu/sites/default/files/Ideology%20as%20Dystopia%20-%20An%20Interpretation%20of%20Blade%20Runner%20-%20Douglas%20E.%20Williams.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2016 |publisher=[Sage Publications, Inc., Sage Publications, Ltd.]}}</ref> In ''Postmodern Metanarratives: Blade Runner and Literature in the Age of Image'', Décio Torres Cruz analyzes the philosophical and psychological issues and the literary influences in ''Blade Runner''. He examines the film's cyberpunk and [[dystopic]] elements by establishing a link between the Biblical, classical and modern traditions and the postmodern aspects in the film's collage of several literary texts.<ref name="Torres Cruz 2014">{{Cite book |last=Torres Cruz |first=Décio |url=https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137439727 |title=Postmodern Metanarratives: Blade Runner and Literature in the Age of Image |date=2014 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-137-43972-7 |language=en|access-date=September 18, 2020|archive-date=October 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009064728/https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137439727|url-status=live}}</ref>

The boom in home video formats helped establish a growing cult around the film,<ref name=":0">Dalton, Stephen (October 26, 2016). [https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/blade-runner "Blade Runner: anatomy of a classic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015064343/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/blade-runner |date=October 15, 2017 }}. [[British Film Institute]].</ref> which scholars have dissected for its dystopic aspects, questions regarding "authentic" humanity, [[ecofeminism|ecofeminist]] aspects<ref>{{citation |last=Jenkins |first=Mary |url=http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/172/210 |year=1997 |title=The Dystopian World of Blade Runner: An Ecofeminist Perspective |journal=Trumpeter |volume=14 |issue=4 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914233708/http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/172/210 |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and use of conventions from multiple genres.<ref>{{citation |last1=Doll |first1=Susan |last2=Faller |first2=Greg |url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-1314619891/blade-runner-and-genre-film-noir-and-science-fiction |title=Blade Runner and Genre: Film Noir and Science Fiction |work=Literature Film Quarterly |year=1986 |volume=14 |issue=2 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151013050150/https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-1314619891/blade-runner-and-genre-film-noir-and-science-fiction |archive-date=October 13, 2015}}</ref> Popular culture began to reassess its impact as a classic several years after it was released.<ref>Gray, Tim (June 24, 2017). [https://variety.com/2017/film/news/blade-runner-1982-unloved-classic-1202476755/ "'Blade Runner' Turns 35: Ridley Scott's Unloved Film That Became a Classic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705010740/https://variety.com/2017/film/news/blade-runner-1982-unloved-classic-1202476755/ |date=July 5, 2017 }}. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''.</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Shone |first=Tom |title=Woman: The Other Alien in Alien |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2012/06/prometheus_why_are_academics_so_obsessed_with_ridley_scott_s_alien_and_its_sequels_.html |date=June 6, 2012 |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |url-status=live |archive-url= http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20160424231545/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2012/06/prometheus_why_are_academics_so_obsessed_with_ridley_scott_s_alien_and_its_sequels_.html |archive-date=April 24, 2016}}</ref><ref name="indiewire">{{citation |last=Jagernauth |first=Kevin |title=''Blade Runner'' Is Almost a Religion for Me: Denis Villeneuve Talks Directing the Sci-fi Sequel |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/blade-runner-is-almost-a-religion-for-me-denis-villeneuve-talks-directing-the-sci-fi-sequel-20150428 |access-date=October 12, 2015 |work=[[IndieWire]] |date=April 28, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001045525/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/blade-runner-is-almost-a-religion-for-me-denis-villeneuve-talks-directing-the-sci-fi-sequel-20150428 |archive-date=October 1, 2015}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] praised the visuals of both the original and the ''Director's Cut'' and recommended it for that reason; however, he found the human story clichéd and a little thin.<ref name="Ebert" /> He later added ''The Final Cut'' to his "Great Movies" list.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-blade-runner-the-final-cut-1982 |title=''Blade Runner: The Final Cut'' Movie Review (1982) |last=Ebert |first=Roger |work=RogerEbert.com |access-date=June 18, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160627095550/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-blade-runner-the-final-cut-1982 |archive-date=June 27, 2016}}</ref> Critic Chris Rodley and [[Janet Maslin]] theorized that ''Blade Runner'' changed cinematic and cultural discourse through its image repertoire and subsequent influence on films.<ref>{{citation |last=Rodley |first=Chris |title=''Blade Runner: The Director's Cut'' |url=http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/blade_runner_the_directors_cut/ |access-date=October 14, 2015 |work=frieze |year=1993 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080905211517/http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/blade_runner_the_directors_cut/ |archive-date=September 5, 2008}}</ref> In 2012, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' film critic [[Richard Corliss]] surgically analyzed the durability, complexity, screenplay, sets and production dynamics from a personal, three-decade perspective.<ref>[https://time.com/3834604/blade-runner-ridley-scott-harrison-ford/ Blade Runner at 30: Celebrating Ridley Scott's Dystopian Vision] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930132246/https://time.com/3834604/blade-runner-ridley-scott-harrison-ford/ |date=September 30, 2021 }}, ''Time'', Richard Corliss, June 25, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2017.</ref> [[Denis Villeneuve]], who directed the sequel, ''[[Blade Runner 2049]]'', cites the film as a huge influence for him and many others.<ref name="indiewire" />

It has also been noted for its postmodernist approach and that it contributes to the historical development of modern dystopia in film.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bruno |first=Giuliana |date=1987 |title=Ramble City: Postmodernism and ''Blade Runner'' |journal=October |volume=41 |pages=61–74 |doi=10.2307/778330 |jstor=778330|issn = 0162-2870}}</ref> Furthermore, the futuristic version of Los Angeles has been widely discussed by academics, with some comparing it to Milton's descriptions of hell in ''[[Paradise Lost]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Desser |first=David |date=1985 |title=Blade Runner: Science Fiction & Transcendence |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly; Salisbury |volume=13 |pages=172–179 |id={{ProQuest|226985939}}}}</ref> In a 2019 retrospective, the [[BBC]] argued that elements of the film's socio-political themes remained prescient in the real year of the film's setting, such as its depiction of [[climate change]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barnett |first=David |title=Are we living in a Blade Runner world? |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191111-are-we-living-in-a-blade-runner-world |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=www.bbc.com |date=November 12, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630150706/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191111-are-we-living-in-a-blade-runner-world |url-status=live }}</ref> From a more philosophical perspective, Alison Landsberg described Scott's direction of the film as a "prosthetic memory"—an action that has never happened and appears to be divorced from lived experience, yet it defines personhood and identity within the wider ''Blade Runner'' universe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Landsberg |first=Alison |s2cid=144020560 |date=1995 |title=Prosthetic Memory: Total Recall and Blade Runner |journal=Body & Society |volume=1 |issue=3–4 |pages=175–189 |doi=10.1177/1357034X95001003010}}</ref>