Editing Athena (section)

==Classical art==
Athena appears frequently in classical Greek art, including on coins and in paintings on ceramics.{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=193}}{{sfn|Hansen|2004|page=126}} She is especially prominent in works produced in Athens.{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=193}} In classical depictions, Athena is usually portrayed standing upright, wearing a full-length [[chiton (costume)|chiton]].{{sfn|Palagia|Pollitt|1996|page=28-32}} She is most often represented dressed in armor like a male soldier{{sfn|Hansen|2004|page=126}}{{sfn|Palagia|Pollitt|1996|page=28-32}}{{sfn|Powell|2012|page=230}} and wearing a [[Corinthian helmet]] raised high atop her forehead.{{sfn|Palagia|Pollitt|1996|page=32}}{{sfn|Powell|2012|page=230}}{{sfn|Hansen|2004|page=126}} Her shield bears at its centre the aegis with the head of the gorgon (''gorgoneion'') in the center and snakes around the edge.{{sfn|Phinney|1971|pages=445–463}} Sometimes she is shown wearing the aegis as a cloak.{{sfn|Hansen|2004|page=126}} As Athena Promachos, she is shown brandishing a spear.{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=193}}{{sfn|Powell|2012|page=230}}{{sfn|Hansen|2004|page=126}} Scenes in which Athena was represented include her birth from the head of Zeus, her battle with the [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Gigantes]], the birth of Erichthonius, and the Judgement of Paris.{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=193}}

The ''[[Mourning Athena]]'' or ''Athena Meditating'' is a famous relief sculpture dating to around 470–460 BC{{sfn|Palagia|Pollitt|1996|page=32}}{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=193}} that has been interpreted to represent Athena Polias.{{sfn|Palagia|Pollitt|1996|page=32}} The most famous classical depiction of Athena was the ''[[Athena Parthenos]]'', a now-lost {{cvt|11.5|m}}<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url= https://www.worldhistory.org/article/785/athena-parthenos-by-phidias/ |title=Athena Parthenos by Phidias|encyclopedia=World History Encyclopedia|access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> [[Chryselephantine|gold and ivory]] statue of her in the [[Parthenon]] created by the Athenian sculptor [[Phidias]].{{sfn|Palagia|Pollitt|1996|page=28-32}}{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=193}} Copies reveal that this statue depicted Athena holding her shield in her left hand with [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]], the winged goddess of victory, standing in her right.{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=193}} Athena Polias is also represented in a Neo-Attic relief now held in the [[Virginia Museum of Fine Arts]],{{sfn|Palagia|Pollitt|1996|page=32}} which depicts her holding an owl in her hand{{efn|The owl's role as a symbol of wisdom originates in this association with Athena.}} and wearing her characteristic Corinthian helmet while resting her shield against a nearby ''[[herma]]''.{{sfn|Palagia|Pollitt|1996|page=32}} The Roman goddess Minerva adopted most of Athena's Greek iconographical associations,{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=194}} but was also integrated into the [[Capitoline Triad]].{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=194}}

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Exaleiptron birth Athena Louvre CA616 n2.jpg|Attic [[Black-figure pottery|black-figure]] ''exaleiptron'' of the birth of Athena from the head of Zeus ({{circa}} 570–560 BC) by the [[C Painter]]{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=193}}
File:Athena Promachos MGEt Inv39565.jpg|Attic red-figure kylix of Athena Promachos holding a spear and standing beside a [[Doric order|Doric column]] ({{circa}} 500-490 BC)
File:Pensive Athena in Acropolis Museum 2024.jpg|The ''[[Mourning Athena]]'' relief ({{circa}} 470-460 BC){{sfn|Palagia|Pollitt|1996|page=32}}{{sfn|Aghion|Barbillon|Lissarrague|1996|page=193}}
File:Athena Enkelados Louvre CA3662.jpg|Attic red-figure kylix showing Athena slaying the [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Giant]] [[Enceladus (giant)|Enceladus]] ({{circa}} 550–500 BC). In the myth, she crushed Enceladus under the island of [[Sicily]].
File:Pergamonaltarathena.jpg|Relief of Athena and [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]] slaying the Giant [[Alcyoneus|Alkyoneus]] (?) from the [[Gigantomachy]] Frieze on the [[Pergamon Altar]] (early second century BC)
File:StonePaletteMythologicalScene.jpg|Mythological scene with Athena (left) and [[Heracles]] (right), on a [[stone palette]] of the [[Greco-Buddhist art]] of [[Gandhara]], India
File:NAMABG-Aphaia Athena statue.JPG|Restoration of the [[polychrome]] decoration of the Athena statue from the [[Aphaea]] temple at [[Aegina]], {{circa|490}} BC (from the exposition "Bunte Götter" by the Munich [[Glyptothek]])
File:Athena mosaic Pio-Clementino.jpg|Classical mosaic from a villa at [[Tusculum]], 3rd century AD, now at [[Museo Pio-Clementino]], Vatican
File:Gandharan Athena.jpg|Athena (2nd century BC) in the art of [[Gandhara]], displayed at the [[Lahore Museum]], Pakistan
File:Monete ellenistiche, regno d'egitto, tolomeo I soter, tetradracma in argento con atena promachos e aquila su folgore, 306 ac ca.jpg|Athena Alkidemos, i.e. "Athena, defender of the people", on a coin of [[Ptolemy I Soter]], under the name of [[Alexander the Great]]; minted c. 310–305 BC
File:Athena portrait by Eukleidas on Syracuse tetradrachm c. 400 BC.jpg|Athena portrait by Eukleidas on a [[tetradrachm]] from [[Syracuse, Sicily]] c. 400 BC
File:Atena farnese, copia romana da orig. greco della cerchia fidiaca, forse Pyrrhos nel 430 ac ca., 6024, 01.JPG|''Atena farnese'', Roman copy of a Greek original from Phidias' circle, {{circa}} 430 AD, Museo Archeologico, Naples
</gallery>