Editing Antisemitism in Islam (section)

===Hadith===
The [[hadith]] (non-Quranic accounts of Muhammad) use both ''Banu Israil'' and ''Yahud'' as [[Jew (word)#Yehudi in the Hebrew Bible|terms for Jews]], the latter term becoming ever more frequent and appearing mostly in negative context. For example, Jews were "cursed and changed into rats" in {{Hadith-usc|Bukhari|usc=yes|4|54|524}} (see also {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Muslim|42|7135}} {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Muslim|42|7136}}).

According to [[Norman Stillman]]:

<blockquote> Jews in Medina are singled out as "men whose malice and enmity was aimed at the Apostle of God". The Yahūd in this literature appear not only as malicious, but also deceitful, cowardly and totally lacking resolve. However, they have none of the demonic qualities attributed to them in mediaeval Christian literature, neither is there anything comparable to the overwhelming preoccupation with Jews and Judaism (except perhaps in the narratives on Muhammad's encounters with Medinan Jewry) in Muslim traditional literature. Except for a few notable exceptions ... the Jews in the Sira and the Maghazi are even heroic villains. Their ignominy stands in marked contrast to Muslim heroism, and in general, conforms to the Quranic image of "wretchedness and baseness stamped upon them"<ref name="Yahud"/></blockquote>

According to Schweitzer and Perry, the hadith are "even more scathing (than the Quran) in attacking the Jews":<blockquote>They are debased, cursed, anathematized forever by God and so can never repent and be forgiven; they are cheats and traitors; defiant and stubborn; they killed the prophets; they are liars who falsify scripture and take bribes; as infidels they are ritually unclean, a foul odor emanating from them – such is the image of the Jew in classical Islam, degraded and malevolent.<ref name="Schweitzer266" /></blockquote>

==== Gharqad tree hadith ====
{{Main article|Gharqad}}
Sahih Muslim and Sahih Bukhari record various recensions of a hadith where Muhammad had prophesied that the [[Islamic eschatology|Day of Judgment]] will not come until Muslims and Jews fight each other. The Muslims will kill the Jews with such success that they will then hide behind stones or both trees and stones according to various recensions, which will then cry out to a Muslim that a Jew is hiding behind them and ask them to kill him. The only one not to do so will be the [[Gharqad]] tree as it is the tree of the Jews. The following hadith which forms a part of these Sahih Muslim hadiths has been quoted many times, and it became a part of the [[Hamas]] militant organization's original [[1988 Hamas charter|1988 charter]]:<ref>Laqueur, p. 192</ref>
{{cquote
| bgcolor = #F0FFF0|The Day of Judgement will not come about until Muslims fight the Jews, when the Jew will hide behind stones and trees. The stones and trees will say O Muslims, O Abdullah, there is a Jew behind me, come and kill him. Only the [[Gharqad|Gharkad]] tree, (the [[Boxthorn]] tree) would not do that because it is one of the trees of the Jews. (related by al-Bukhari and Muslim).{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Muslim|41|6985}}, see also {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Muslim|41|6981}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Muslim|41|6982}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Muslim|41|6983}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Muslim|41|6984}}, {{Hadith-usc|Bukhari|usc=yes|4|56|791}},({{Hadith-usc|Bukhari|usc=yes|4|52|177}})
}}

Different interpretations about the Gharqad tree mentioned in the Hadith exists. One of the interpretations is that the Gharqad tree is an actual tree. Israelis have been alleged to plant the tree around various locations for e.g., [[Israeli settlements|their settlements]] in the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]], around the [[Israel Museum]] and the [[Knesset]]. Other claims about the tree are that it grows outside Jerusalem's [[Herod's Gate]] or that it is actually a bush that grows outside [[Jaffa Gate]] which some Muslims believe is where [[Jesus in Islam#Second coming|Jesus will return to Earth]] and slay the [[Dajjal]], following the final battle between the Muslims and unbelievers which some believe will take place directly below the Jaffa Gate and the [[Sultan's Pool]]. Another interpretation that exists is that the mention of the Gharqad tree is symbolic and is in reference to all the forces of the world believed to conspire with the Jews against Muslims.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HfsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52|title=Medieval and Modern Perspectives|author=Ronald N. Nettler|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|pages=52–53|isbn=9781134366828}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4aqmBQAAQBAJ&q=the+jews+will+fight+with+you&pg=PT79|title=The End of the World|author= Muhammad Al Arifi|publisher=Darussalam Publishers|page=79|date=2018-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tYRoAgAAQBAJ&q=the+final+hour+would+not+arrive+until+Muslims+fight+with+the+Jews&pg=PA484|title=The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence|author1=Mark Juergensmeyer |author2=Margo Kitts |author3=Michael Jerryson |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|page=484|isbn=9780199344086}}</ref>