Editing Anti-lock braking system (section)

==Safety and legislation==
===Safety===
The [[Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] (IIHS) conducted a study on the effectiveness of ABS for motorcycles and came to the conclusion that motorcycles above 250&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup> without ABS are 37 percent more likely to be involved in fatal crashes and a study of the Swedish Road Administration came to the conclusion that 48 percent of all severe and fatal motorcycle accidents above 125&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup> could be avoided due to motorcycle ABS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/specialist/knowledge/vehicle/safety_design_needs/motorcycles.htm |title=EU - Road safety - Motorcycles |website=Ec.europa.eu |access-date=2013-02-12}}</ref>

These studies caused the EU commission to initiate a legislative process in 2010 that was passed in 2012 and led to ABS for motorcycles above 125&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup> becoming mandatory from 2016 onwards. Organizations like the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile and the Institute of advanced Motorists (IAM) demanded the implementation of this legislation already for 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trl.co.uk/trl-news-hub/transport-news/latest-transport-news/abs-should-be-compulsory-on-new-motorcycles-by-2015_800733943.htm |title=ABS 'should be compulsory on new motorcycles by 2015' - Latest Transport News - Transport News - TRL News Hub |publisher=TRL |access-date=2013-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203235000/http://www.trl.co.uk/trl-news-hub/transport-news/latest-transport-news/abs-should-be-compulsory-on-new-motorcycles-by-2015_800733943.htm |archive-date=2012-12-03 }}</ref>
On the other hand, some motorcycle riders are protesting against a compulsory ABS for all bikes because they call for a possibility to switch the system off, for off-road usage or for other reasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visordown.com/motorcycle-news--general-news/anti-bike-legislation-demo-25-09-11/18887.html |title=Anti-bike legislation demo. 25/09/11 - Motorcycle news: General news |website=Visordown.com |access-date=2013-02-12 |archive-date=2013-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006062502/http://www.visordown.com/motorcycle-news--general-news/anti-bike-legislation-demo-25-09-11/18887.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basingstokegazette.co.uk/news/local/9277296.Show_of_strength/ |title=Show of strength (From Basingstoke Gazette) |website=Basingstokegazette.co.uk |date=2011-09-29 |access-date=2013-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301091912/http://www.basingstokegazette.co.uk/news/local/9277296.Show_of_strength/ |archive-date=2014-03-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madnessphotography.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=331&Itemid=2 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412151025/http://www.madnessphotography.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=331&Itemid=2 |archive-date=2013-04-12 |title=Madnessphotography - 40,000 bikers ride in anti-EU protest |website=Madnessphotography.eu |date=2006-05-01 |access-date=2013-02-12 }}</ref>
In 2011 the [[United Nations]] (UN) started the [[Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020|Decade of Action for Road Safety]]. The main goal is to save 5 million lives until 2020 through global cooperation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/road_traffic/decade_booklet/en/index.html |title=WHO &#124; Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020: saving millions of lives |website=Who.int |date=2012-02-06 |access-date=2013-02-12}}</ref>
One part of their global plan is to: Encourage universal deployment of crash avoidance technologies with proven effectiveness such as [[Electronic stability control|Electronic Stability Control]] and Anti-Lock Braking Systems in motorcycles.

===Laws and regulations===

====United States====
In the United States, the NHTSA has mandated ABS in conjunction with [[electronic stability control]] under the provisions of [[FMVSS 126]] as of September 1, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhtsa.gov/Laws+&+Regulations/Electronic+Stability+Control+(ESC)|title=Electronic Stability Control (ESC)|work=nhtsa.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918065210/http://www.nhtsa.gov/Laws+%26+Regulations/Electronic+Stability+Control+%28ESC%29|archive-date=2016-09-18}}</ref>

====European and other international markets====
ABS is required on all new passenger cars sold in the EU since 2004.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

Since 2016, the EU has required ABS on all new scooters, motorcycles, tricycles, and quads from 125 cc, otherwise CBS (or ABS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20121116IPR55754/upgraded-type-approval-rules-for-motorbikes|title=Upgraded type-approval rules for motorbikes &#124; News &#124; European Parliament|date=November 20, 2012|website=www.europarl.europa.eu}}</ref>

UN Regulation No. 78, related to the braking of vehicles of categories L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 (motorbikes) is applied by the European Union, Russia, Japan, Turkey, Ukraine, Australia and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs/2020/ECE-TRANS-WP.29-343-Rev.28-Add.1.pdf|title=Agreement concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical United Nations Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these United Nations Regulations|website=Unece.org|access-date=March 1, 2022}}</ref>

Global technical regulation number 3 related to Motorcycle brake systems is applied by Canada, the European Union, Japan, Russia, and the United States.

====India====
Since 1 April 2019, India has required at least single-channel ABS on all new two-wheelers from 125 cc, otherwise CBS (or ABS).<ref>{{Cite magazine |author=Shahkar Abidi |date=29 October 2021 |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/continental-india-developing-abs-for-100cc-twowheelers-80333 |title=Continental India developing ABS for 100cc two-wheelers |magazine=Autocar Professional}}</ref> ABS has also been mandatory on all new cars and mini-buses from the same date.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/policy/anti-lock-braking-system-must-from-april-2019-for-all-cars-buses/57216389|title=Anti-lock braking system must from April 2019 for all cars, buses - ET Auto|website=ETAuto.com}}</ref>

====South American markets====
Since 1 January 2019, Brazil has required ABS on all new motorcycles from 300 cc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ar.motor1.com/news/472279/2019-abs-obligatorio-para-motos-en-brasil/|title=2019: ABS obligatorio para motos en Brasil|website=Motor1.com}}</ref> ABS has been mandatory on all new cars since January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/carros/noticia/2014/01/comeca-valer-obrigatoriedade-de-airbag-e-abs-para-carros-novos.html|title=Começa a valer obrigatoriedade de airbag e ABS para carros novos|date=January 1, 2014|website=Auto Esporte}}</ref>

Since 1 January 2024, Argentina has required ABS on all new motorcycles from 250 cc, otherwise CBS (or front wheel ABS) for on-road between 50 and 250cc or their electric equivalents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clarin.com/autos/motos-0-km-deberan-incluir-sistemas-frenos-eficientes-partir-2024_0_Pu43byNWZz.html|title=Las motos 0 km deberán incluir sistemas de frenos más eficientes a partir de 2024|date=May 20, 2022|website=Clarín}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.16valvulas.com.ar/motos-mas-seguras-a-partir-de-2024-deberan-incorporar-obligatoriamente-abs-y-cbs/|title=Motos más seguras: a partir de 2024 deberán incorporar obligatoriamente ABS y CBS|first=Jonathan|last=Romero|date=May 24, 2022|website=16 Valvulas}}</ref> ABS has been mandatory on all new normal cars since January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lacapital.com.ar/edicion-impresa/airbags-y-abs-sistemas-obligatorios-argentina-n605371.html|title=Airbags y ABS, sistemas obligatorios en Argentina|website=La Capital}}</ref>

From February 2025, Chile will require ABS on all new motorcycles from 150 cc or 11&nbsp;kW, otherwise CBS (or ABS) from 50 cc or 4&nbsp;kW from February 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://noticias.autocosmos.cl/2022/02/16/los-frenos-abs-seran-obligatorios-en-las-motos-en-chile|title=Los frenos ABS serán obligatorios en las motos en Chile|date=February 16, 2022|website=Autocosmos}}</ref> ABS has been mandatory on all new cars since October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://noticias.autocosmos.cl/2020/10/05/seguridad-el-abs-ya-es-obligatorio-en-chile|title=Seguridad: el ABS ya es obligatorio en Chile|date=October 5, 2020|website=Autocosmos}}</ref>

From October 2025, Colombia will require ABS on all new motorcycles from 150 cc or 11&nbsp;kW, otherwise CBS (or ABS) from 50 cc or 4&nbsp;kW.<ref name="semana">{{Cite web|url=https://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/ojo-estas-son-las-condiciones-de-frenado-que-deben-tener-las-motos-nuevas-que-lleguen-al-pais-desde-cuando-rigen/202235/|title=Ojo: estas son las condiciones de frenado que deben tener las motos nuevas que lleguen al país, ¿desde cuándo rigen?|date=October 15, 2022|website=Semana.com Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo}}</ref>

From March 2027, Colombia will require ABS on all new motorcycles from 125 cc, below that with CBS (or ABS).<ref name="semana"/>