Editing American Revolution (section)

===End of the war===
Washington did not know if or when the British might reopen hostilities after Yorktown. They still had 26,000 troops occupying New York City, Charleston, and Savannah, together with a powerful fleet. The French army and navy departed, so the Americans were on their own in 1782–83.<ref>Jonathan R. Dull, ''The French Navy and American Independence'' (1975) p. 248</ref> The American treasury was empty, and the unpaid soldiers were growing restive, almost to the point of mutiny or possible [[coup d'etat]]. Washington dispelled the unrest among officers of the [[Newburgh Conspiracy]] in 1783, and Congress subsequently created the promise of a five years bonus for all officers.<ref>Richard H. Kohn, ''Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783–1802'' (1975) pp. 17–39</ref>

Historians continue to debate whether the odds were long or short for American victory. [[John E. Ferling]] says that the odds were so long that the American victory was "almost a miracle".<ref>John Ferling, ''Almost A Miracle: The American Victory in the War of Independence'' (2009)</ref> On the other hand, [[Joseph Ellis]] says that the odds favored the Americans, and asks whether there ever was any realistic chance for the British to win. He argues that this opportunity came only once, in the summer of 1776, and Admiral Howe and his brother General Howe "missed several opportunities to destroy the Continental Army&nbsp;.... Chance, luck, and even the vagaries of the weather played crucial roles." Ellis's point is that the strategic and tactical decisions of the Howes were fatally flawed because they underestimated the challenges posed by the Patriots. Ellis concludes that, once the Howe brothers failed, the opportunity "would never come again" for a British victory.<ref>{{cite book|author=Joseph J. Ellis|title=Revolutionary Summer: The Birth of American Independence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4RqZJzho1QC&pg=PR11|year=2013|publisher=Random House|page=11|isbn=978-0307701220}}</ref>

Support for the conflict had never been strong in Britain, where many sympathized with the Americans, but now it reached a new low.<ref>Harvey p. 528</ref> King George wanted to fight on, but his supporters lost control of Parliament and they launched no further offensives in America on the eastern seaboard.<ref name="Higginbotham, 1983 p. 83"/>{{efn|A final naval battle was fought on March 10, 1783, by Captain [[John Barry (naval officer)|John Barry]] and the crew of the [[USS Alliance (1778)|USS ''Alliance'']], who defeated three British warships led by HMS ''Sybille''.<ref>Martin I. J. Griffin, ''The Story of Commodore John Barry'' (2010) pp. 218–223</ref>}}