Editing Academy (section)

===16th-century literary-aesthetic academies===
The 16th century saw at Rome a great increase of literary and aesthetic academies, more or less inspired by the Renaissance, all of which assumed, as was the fashion, odd and fantastic names. We learn from various sources the names of many such institutes; as a rule, they soon perished and left no trace. In the 1520s came the ''[[Accademia degli Intronati]]'', for the encouragement of theatrical representations. There were also the academy of the "[[Vignaiuoli]]", or "[[Vinegrowers]]" (1530), and the ''{{interlanguage link|Accademia della Virtù|it}}'' (1542), founded by [[Claudio Tolomei]] under the patronage of Cardinal [[Ippolito de' Medici]]. These were followed by a new academy in the "[[Orti]]" or [[House of Farnese|Farnese]] gardens. There were also the academies of the "[[Intrepidi]]" (1560), the "[[Animosi]]" (1576), and the "[[Illuminati (Roman)|Illuminati]]" (1598); this last, founded by the [[Marchesa Isabella Aldobrandini Pallavicino]]. Towards the middle of the 16th century there were also the academy of the "[[Notti Vaticane]]", or "[[Vatican Nights]]", founded by [[Saint|St]]. [[Charles Borromeo]]; an "Accademia di [[Diritto]] civile e canonico", and another of the university scholars and students of philosophy ([[Accademia Eustachiana]]). As a rule these academies, all very much alike, were merely circles of friends or clients gathered around a learned man or wealthy patron, and were dedicated to literary pastimes rather than methodical study. They fitted in, nevertheless, with the general situation and were in their own way one element of the historical development. Despite their empirical and fugitive character, they helped to keep up the general esteem for literary and other studies. Cardinals, prelates, and the clergy in general were most favourable to this movement, and assisted it by patronage and collaboration.

In Florence, the Medici again took the lead in establishing the [[Accademia di Belle Arti Firenze|Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno]] in 1563, the first of the more formally organised art academies that gradually displaced the medieval artists' [[guild]]s, usually known as the [[Guild of Saint Luke]], as the bodies responsible for training and often regulating artists, a change with great implications for the development of art, leading to the styles known as [[Academic art]]. The private [[Accademia degli Incamminati]] set up later in the century in [[Bologna]] by the [[The Carracci|Carracci]] brothers was also extremely influential, and with the [[Accademia di San Luca]] of Rome (founded 1593) helped to confirm the use of the term for these institutions.