Editing 1950s (section)

===Science===
[[File:DNA-fragment-3D-vdW.png|thumb|right|100px|Francis Crick and James Watson discover the spiral structure of [[DNA]]]]

* 1950 – an [[Polio vaccine|immunization vaccine]] is produced for [[polio]].
* 1951 – the first human [[cervical cancer]] cells were cultured outside a body, from [[Henrietta Lacks]]. The cells are known as [[HeLa|HeLa cells]] and are the first and most commonly used [[immortalised cell line]].
* 1952 – [[Francis Crick]] and [[James D. Watson|James Watson]] discover the double-helix structure of [[DNA]]. [[Rosalind Franklin]] contributed to the discovery of the double-helix structure.
* 1952 – the [[Apgar score]], a scale for newborn viability, is invented by [[Virginia Apgar]].
* 1953 – the first [[transistor computer]] is built at the [[University of Manchester]]
* 1954 – the [[Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant|world's first nuclear power plant]] is opened in [[Obninsk]] near [[Moscow]].
* 1956 – one of the first forms of correction fluid is invented by [[Bette Nesmith Graham]], the founder of the [[Liquid Paper]] company
* 1957 – the [[Immunosuppressive drug]] [[Azathioprine]], used in [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[granulomatosis with polyangiitis]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[ulcerative colitis]], and in [[Kidney transplant|kidney transplants]] to prevent [[Transplant rejection|rejection]], is first synthesized by [[Gertrude B. Elion]] and [[George H. Hitchings]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=George Hitchings and Gertrude Elion |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/education/scientific-biographies/george-hitchings-and-gertrude-elion/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=Science History Institute |language=en-US}}</ref>
* The first successful [[Medical ultrasonography|ultrasound test]] of the heart activity.
* [[NASA]] is organized.
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