Editing Zirconium (section)

=== Medical uses ===

Zirconium-bearing compounds are used in many biomedical applications, including dental implants and [[crown (dentistry)|crowns]], knee and hip replacements, middle-ear [[ossicles|ossicular]] chain reconstruction, and other restorative and [[prosthesis|prosthetic]] devices.<ref name="Lee" />

Zirconium binds [[urea]], a property that has been utilized extensively to the benefit of patients with [[chronic kidney disease]].<ref name="Lee" /> For example, zirconium is a primary component of the [[sorbent]] column dependent dialysate regeneration and recirculation system known as the REDY system, which was first introduced in 1973. More than 2,000,000 [[Kidney dialysis|dialysis]] treatments have been performed using the sorbent column in the REDY system.<ref>Ash SR. Sorbents in treatment of uremia: A short history and a great future. 2009 Semin Dial 22: 615–622</ref> Although the REDY system was superseded in the 1990s by less expensive alternatives, new sorbent-based dialysis systems are being evaluated and approved by the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA). Renal Solutions developed the DIALISORB technology, a portable, low water dialysis system. Also, developmental versions of a Wearable Artificial Kidney have incorporated sorbent-based technologies.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kooman |first=Jeroen Peter |date=2024-03-20 |title=The Revival of Sorbents in Chronic Dialysis Treatment |journal=Seminars in Dialysis |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=54–61 |language=en |doi=10.1111/sdi.13203 |issn=0894-0959|doi-access=free |pmid=38506130 |pmc=11867157 }}</ref>

[[Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate]] is used by mouth in the treatment of [[hyperkalemia]]. It is a selective sorbent designed to trap [[potassium]] ions in preference to other [[ions]] throughout the gastrointestinal tract.<ref>{{cite journal |doi= 10.1056/NEJMe1414112 |pmid= 25415806 |title= A New Era for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia? |journal= New England Journal of Medicine |volume= 372 |issue= 3 |pages= 275–7 |year= 2015 |last1= Ingelfinger |first1= Julie R.}}</ref>

Mixtures of monomeric and polymeric Zr<sup>4+</sup> and Al<sup>3+</sup> complexes with [[hydroxide]], [[chloride]] and [[glycine]], called [[Aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrex gly|aluminium zirconium glycine]] salts, are used in a preparation as an [[antiperspirant]] in many [[deodorant]] products. It has been used since the early 1960s, as it was determined more efficacious as an antiperspirant than contemporary active ingredients such as [[aluminium chlorohydrate]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Laden |first=Karl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0FZDwAAQBAJ |title=Antiperspirants and Deodorants |date=January 4, 1999 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4822-2405-4 |pages=137–144 |language=en}}</ref>