Editing Winston Churchill (section)

===Secretary of State for the Colonies: 1921–1922===
[[File:Winston Churchill in Tel Aviv, 1921.jpg|alt=Churchill as Secretary of State for the Colonies during his visit to Mandatory Palestine, Tel Aviv, 1921.|thumb|Churchill as Secretary of State for the Colonies during his visit to Mandatory Palestine, Tel Aviv, 1921]] [[File:Chartwell02.JPG|thumb|Churchill's main home was [[Chartwell]] in Kent.]]
Churchill became Secretary of State for the Colonies in February 1921.{{sfn|Gilbert|1991|p=431}} The following month, the first exhibit of his paintings took place in Paris, with Churchill exhibiting under a pseudonym.{{sfn|Gilbert|1991|p=431}} In May, his mother died, followed in August by his daughter Marigold, from [[sepsis]].{{sfn|Gilbert|1991|pp=438, 439}} Churchill was haunted by Marigold's death for the rest of his life.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/churchills-torment-over-death-of-two-year-old-daughter-laid-bare-llw8zns6lxs |last=Brooks |first=Richard |title=Churchill's torment over death of two year old daughter laid bare |work=[[The Times]] |date=28 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2022 |archive-date=27 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127121556/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/churchills-torment-over-death-of-two-year-old-daughter-laid-bare-llw8zns6lxs |url-status=live}}</ref>

Churchill was involved in negotiations with [[Sinn Féin]] leaders and helped draft the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]].{{sfn|Gilbert|1991|p=441}} He was responsible for reducing the cost of occupying the Middle East,{{sfn|Gilbert|1991|p=431}} and was involved in the installations of [[Faisal I of Iraq]] and [[Abdullah I of Jordan]].{{sfnm|1a1=Rhodes James|1y=1970|1p=133|2a1=Gilbert|2y=1991|2pp=432–434}} Churchill travelled to [[Mandatory Palestine]] where, as a supporter of [[Zionism]], he refused an Arab Palestinian petition to prohibit Jewish migration.{{sfn|Gilbert|1991|p=435}} He did allow temporary restrictions following the [[Jaffa riots]].{{sfn|Gilbert|1991|p=437}}

In September 1922, the [[Chanak Crisis]] erupted as Turkish forces threatened to occupy the Dardanelles neutral zone, which was policed by the British army based in [[Chanak]]. Churchill and Lloyd George favoured military resistance to any Turkish advance but the majority Conservatives in the coalition government opposed it. A political debacle ensued which resulted in the Conservative withdrawal from the government, precipitating the [[1922 United Kingdom general election|November 1922 general election]].<ref name="HGN"/>

Also in September, Churchill's fifth and last child, [[Mary Churchill|Mary]], was born, and in the same month he purchased [[Chartwell]], in Kent, which became his family home.{{sfn|Gilbert|1991|p=450}} In October 1922, he underwent an [[appendectomy]]. While he was in hospital, Lloyd George's coalition was dissolved. In the general election, Churchill [[Dundee in the 1922 general election|lost his Dundee seat]]{{sfn|Gilbert|1991|p=456}} to [[Edwin Scrymgeour]], a prohibitionist candidate. Later, he wrote that he was "without an office, without a seat, without a party, and without an appendix".{{sfn|Jenkins|2001|p=376}} He was elevated as one of 50 members of the [[Order of the Companions of Honour]], as named in Lloyd George's [[1922 Dissolution Honours]] list.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=32766 |supp=y |page=8017 |date=10 November 1922 |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref>