Editing Wild boar (section)

=== Present range ===
In recent centuries, the range of wild boar has changed dramatically, largely due to hunting by humans and more recently because of captive wild boar escaping into the wild. Prior to the 20th century, boar populations had declined in numerous areas, with British populations probably becoming extinct during the 13th century.<ref name="britishwildboar.org.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.britishwildboar.org.uk/britain.htm |title=Wild boar in Britain |publisher=Britishwildboar.org.uk |date=21 October 1998 |access-date=30 July 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724013218/http://www.britishwildboar.org.uk/britain.htm }}</ref> In the warm period after the ice age, wild boar lived in the southern parts of [[Sweden]] and [[Norway]] and north of Lake Ladoga in [[Karelia]].<ref>{{cite book|author= Nummi, Petri|title= Suomeen istutetut riistaeläimet|year= 1988|pages= 37–38|publisher= Helsingin yliopisto, Maatalous- ja Metsäeläintieteen Laitos|isbn = 951-45-4760-8}}</ref> It was previously thought that the species did not live in [[Finland]] during prehistory because no prehistoric wild boar bones had been found within the borders of the country.<ref>[http://notes.helsinki.fi/halvi/tiedotus/vanhatvaitokset.nsf/504ca249c786e20f85256284006da7ab/f174390c39f4c294c2256b13004dcc6f?OpenDocument Jääkauden jälkeläiset – Suomen nisäkkäiden varhainen historia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214152/http://notes.helsinki.fi/halvi/tiedotus/vanhatvaitokset.nsf/504ca249c786e20f85256284006da7ab/f174390c39f4c294c2256b13004dcc6f?OpenDocument |date=4 March 2016 }} (in Finnish)</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Koivisto, M. |title= Jääkaudet|pages= 207–208|publisher= WSOY|year= 2004|isbn = 951-0-29101-3}}</ref> It was not until 2013, when a wild boar bone was found in [[Askola]], that the species was found to have lived in Finland more than 8,000 years ago. It is believed, however, that man prevented its establishment by hunting.<ref>Tiedon jyvät – Villisika eli Suomessa jo kivikaudella. ''Helsingin Sanomat'', 2014-12-05, p. B15.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://epaper.hansaprint.fi/sluonto/SL13_04/files/assets/basic-html/page6.html|title= Villisika eli Suomessa jo kivikaudella|publisher= Suomen Luonto 4/2013|access-date= 2020-04-04|language= fi|archive-date= 4 March 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091924/http://epaper.hansaprint.fi/sluonto/SL13_04/files/assets/basic-html/page6.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> In [[Denmark]], the last boar was shot at the beginning of the 19th century, and by 1900 they were absent in Tunisia and Sudan and large areas of Germany, Austria and Italy. In Russia, they were extirpated in wide areas by the 1930s.<ref name=heptner1988 /> The last boar in [[Egypt]] reportedly died on 20 December 1912 in the [[Giza Zoo]], with wild populations having disappeared by 1894–1902. [[Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein]] attempted to repopulate [[Wadi El Natrun]] with boars of Hungarian stock, but they were quickly exterminated by poachers.<ref name= osborn1980>{{cite book |author1=Osborn, D.J. |author2=Helmy, I. |date=1980 |title=The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai) |chapter=''Sus scrofa'' Linnaeus, 1758 |pages=475–477 |publisher=Field Museum of Natural History |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/contemporaryland05osbo#page/474/mode/2up}}</ref>

A revival of boar populations began in the middle of the 20th century. By 1950, wild boar had once again reached their original northern boundary in many parts of their Asiatic range. By 1960, they reached [[Leningrad]] and Moscow and by 1975, they were to be found in [[Archangelsk]] and [[Astrakhan]]. In the 1970s they again occurred in Denmark and Sweden, where captive animals escaped and now survive in the wild. In England, wild boar populations re-established themselves in the 1990s, after escaping from specialist farms that had imported European stock.<ref name="britishwildboar.org.uk" />