Editing Whooping cough (section)

==History==
=== Discovery ===
''B. pertussis'' was discovered in 1906 by [[Jules Bordet]] and [[Octave Gengou]] (the bacterium is subsequently named ''Bordetella pertussis'' in honour of Jules Bordet).  They were able to successfully culture ''B. pertussis'' and went on to develop the first inactivated [[whole-cell vaccine]] in 1912, followed by other researchers in 1913 and 1914. These early vaccines had limited effectiveness. In the 1920s, [[Louis W. Sauer]] developed a vaccine for whooping cough at [[NorthShore University HealthSystem#Evanston Hospital|Evanston Hospital]]. In 1925 Danish physician Thorvald Madsen was the first to test a whole-cell vaccine on a wide scale. Madsen used the vaccine to control outbreaks in the [[Faroe Islands]] in the North Sea, however, two children died shortly after receiving the vaccine.<ref name="Baker_2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baker JP, Katz SL | title = Childhood vaccine development: an overview | journal = Pediatric Research | volume = 55 | issue = 2 | pages = 347–56 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14630981 | doi = 10.1203/01.PDR.0000106317.36875.6A | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pertussis |url=https://www.museumofhealthcare.ca/explore/exhibits/vaccinations/pertussis.html |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=Museum of Health Care}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Vaccines |first=Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review the Adverse Consequences of Pertussis and Rubella |title=Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines: A Brief Chronology |date=1991 |work=Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines: A Report of the Committee to Review the Adverse Consequences of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234365/ |access-date=2024-11-04 |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |language=en |last2=Howson |first2=Christopher P. |last3=Howe |first3=Cynthia J. |last4=Fineberg |first4=Harvey V.}}</ref>

=== Vaccine ===

In 1932, an outbreak of whooping cough hit [[Atlanta]], Georgia, prompting pediatrician [[Leila Denmark]] to begin her study of the disease. Over the next six years, her work was published in the ''[[JAMA (journal)|Journal of the American Medical Association]]'', and in partnership with [[Emory University]] and [[Eli Lilly and Company|Eli Lilly & Company]], she developed the first safe and effective pertussis vaccine.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Changing the Face of Medicine {{!}} Dr. Leila Alice Daughtry Denmark|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_78.html|website = www.nlm.nih.gov|access-date = 3 February 2016|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150321042123/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_78.html|archive-date = 21 March 2015}}</ref> In 1942, American scientists [[Grace Eldering]], [[Loney Gordon]], and [[Pearl Kendrick]] combined the whole-cell pertussis vaccine with [[diphtheria]] and [[tetanus]] toxoids to generate the first DTP combination vaccine.<ref name="Bannink_2013">{{cite web | last = Bannink | first = Jill | title = Finding aid for the Michigan women and the whooping cough vaccine collection[s] | url = http://grplpedia.grpl.org/wiki/images/6/65/328.pdf | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150205095413/http://grplpedia.grpl.org/wiki/images/6/65/328.pdf | archive-date = 5 February 2015 }}</ref> To minimize the frequent side effects caused by the pertussis component, Japanese scientist Yuji Sato developed an acellular vaccine consisting of purified haemagglutinins (HAs: filamentous [[strep throat]] and [[leukocytosis]]-promoting-factor HA), which are secreted by ''B. pertussis''. Sato's acellular pertussis vaccine was used in Japan starting in 1981.<ref name="Sato_1984">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sato Y, Kimura M, Fukumi H | title = Development of a pertussis component vaccine in Japan | journal = Lancet | volume = 1 | issue = 8369 | pages = 122–6 | date = January 1984 | pmid = 6140441 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)90061-8 | s2cid = 23621152 }}</ref> Later versions of the acellular vaccine in other countries consisted of additional defined components of ''B. pertussis'' and were often part of the [[DTaP]] combination vaccine.