Editing Whittaker Chambers (section)

====Perjury====
[[File:Marshall-courthouse1.jpg|right|thumb|The trials against Hiss took place at the Foley Square Courthouse (now [[Thurgood Marshall Courthouse]]) in New York City (here, 2009)]]
Hiss was indicted for two counts of [[perjury]] relating to testimony he had given before a federal [[grand jury]] the previous December. He had denied giving any documents to Chambers and testified that he had not seen Chambers after mid-1936.

Hiss was tried twice for perjury. The first trial, in June 1949, ended with the jury deadlocked 8–4 for conviction. In addition to Chambers's testimony, a government expert testified that other papers typed on a typewriter belonging to the Hiss family matched the secret papers produced by Chambers. An impressive array of [[character evidence|character witnesses]] appeared on behalf of Hiss: two Supreme Court justices, [[Felix Frankfurter]] and [[Stanley Forman Reed|Stanley Reed]], the former Democratic presidential nominee [[John W. Davis]], and the future Democratic presidential nominee [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]]. Chambers, on the other hand, was attacked by Hiss's attorneys as "an enemy of the Republic, a blasphemer of Christ, a disbeliever in God, with no respect for matrimony or motherhood".<ref name=Linder /> In the second trial, Hiss's defense produced a psychiatrist who characterized Chambers as a "[[psychopath]]ic personality" and "a [[pathological liar]]".<ref>{{Harvnb|Weinstein|1997|pp=487, 493}}</ref>

The second trial ended in January 1950 with Hiss being found guilty on both counts of perjury. He was sentenced to [[Alger Hiss#Incarceration|five years in prison]].<ref name=Britannica/>

Chambers had resigned from ''Time'' in December 1948. After the Hiss case, he wrote a few articles for ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'', ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', and ''[[Look (American magazine)|Look]]'' magazines.<ref name="Witness" />

In 1951, during the HUAC hearings, William Spiegel of Baltimore identified a photo of "Carl Schroeder" as Chambers while Spiegel was describing his involvement with David Zimmerman, a spy in Chambers's network.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Hiss Accuser Cited in 'Black Box' Tale
| newspaper = The New York Times
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1951/06/29/archives/hiss-accuser-cited-in-black-box-tale.html
| pages = 8
| date = June 29, 1951
| access-date = October 10, 2018
| archive-date = January 19, 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230119185927/https://www.nytimes.com/1951/06/29/archives/hiss-accuser-cited-in-black-box-tale.html
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
| title = Whittaker Chambers Named Anew
| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]
| page = 14
| date = June 29, 1951}}</ref>