Editing Vegetarianism (section)

===Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>===
[[Vitamin B12|Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>]] is not generally present in plants but is naturally found in foods of animal origin.<ref name="lpi">{{cite web|date=June 4, 2015|title=Vitamin B12|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR|url=https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-B12|access-date=April 30, 2019|archive-date=November 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117190259/https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-B12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ODS_B12">{{cite web |url=http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminb12.asp |title=Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> |access-date=November 13, 2009 |publisher=US National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements |archive-date=November 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125222656/http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminB12.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Lacto-ovo vegetarianism|Lacto-ovo vegetarians]] can obtain B<sub>12</sub> from [[dairy product]]s and eggs, and vegans can obtain it from manufactured [[Food fortification|fortified food]]s (including [[plant-based diet|plant-based]] products and [[breakfast cereal]]s) and dietary supplements.<ref name=lpi/><ref name="Vegan Society B12 factsheet">{{cite web|title=What Every Vegan Should Know About Vitamin B12|publisher=Vegan Society|date=October 31, 2001|url=http://www.vegansociety.com/lifestyle/nutrition/b12.aspx|access-date=October 27, 2010|archive-date=December 20, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220140454/http://www.vegansociety.com/lifestyle/nutrition/b12.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-b/ |title=Vitamins and minerals - B vitamins and folic acid |publisher=UK National Health Service |date=March 3, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2019 |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121090421/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-b/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A strict vegan diet avoiding consumption of all animal products risks vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency, which can lead to [[hyperhomocysteinemia]], a risk factor for several health disorders, including [[anemia]], [[neurological deficit]]s, [[gastrointestinal]] problems, [[platelet]] disorders, and increased risk for [[cardiovascular diseases]].<ref name=lpi/><ref name="Obersby">{{cite journal|last1=Obersby|first1=Derek|last2=Chappell|first2=David C.|last3=Dunnett|first3=Andrew|last4=Tsiami|first4=Amalia A.|date=January 8, 2013|title=Plasma total homocysteine status of vegetarians compared with omnivores: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=British Journal of Nutrition|volume=109|issue=5|pages=785–794|doi=10.1017/s000711451200520x|issn=0007-1145|pmid=23298782|doi-access=free|url=https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/928/1/Plasma%20total%20homocysteine%20status%20of%20vegetarians%20compared%20with%20omnivores.pdf|access-date=March 18, 2020|archive-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025103512/https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/928/1/Plasma%20total%20homocysteine%20status%20of%20vegetarians%20compared%20with%20omnivores.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Dietary Reference Intake|recommended daily dietary intake]] of B<sub>12</sub> in the United States and Canada is 0.4 [[microgram|mcg]] (ages 0–6 months), rising to 1.8 mcg (9–13 years), 2.4 mcg (14+ years), and 2.8 mcg (lactating female).<ref name="ODS_B12"/> While the body's daily requirement for vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is in [[microgram]] amounts, deficiency of the vitamin through strict practice of a vegetarian diet without supplementation can increase the risk of several chronic diseases.<ref name=lpi/><ref name=Obersby/><ref name="ODS_B12"/>