Editing Urethra (section)

==History==
The word "urethra" comes from the [[Ancient Greek]] οὐρήθρα – ''ourḗthrā''. The stem "uro" relating to urination, with the structure described as early as the time of [[Hippocrates]].<ref name="Marx2010">{{cite journal |last1=Marx |first1=Franz Josef |last2=Karenberg |first2=Axel |title=Uro-words making history: Ureter and urethra |journal=The Prostate |date=2010 |volume=70 |issue=9 |pages=952–958 |doi=10.1002/pros.21129|pmid=20166127 |s2cid=32778667 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Confusingly however, at the time it was called "ureter". Thereafter, terms "ureter" and "urethra" were variably used to refer to each other thereafter for more than a millennia.<ref name=Marx2010 /> It was only in the 1550s that anatomists such as [[Bartolomeo Eustacchio]] and [[Jacques Dubois]] began to use the terms to specifically and consistently refer to what is in modern English called the ureter and the urethra.<ref name=Marx2010 /> Following this, in the 19th and 20th centuries, multiple terms relating to the structures such as [[urethritis]] and [[urethrography]], were coined.<ref name=Marx2010 />

Kidney stones have been identified and recorded about as long as written historical records exist.<ref name="Tefekli2013">{{cite journal |last1=Tefekli |first1=Ahmet |last2=Cezayirli |first2=Fatin |title=The History of Urinary Stones: In Parallel with Civilization |journal=The Scientific World Journal |date=2013 |volume=2013 |page=423964 |doi=10.1155/2013/423964 |pmid=24348156 |pmc=3856162 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The urinary tract as well as its function to drain urine from the kidneys, has been described by [[Galen]] in the second century AD.<ref name="Nahon2011">{{cite journal |last1=Nahon |first1=Irmina |last2=Waddington |first2=Gordon |last3=Dorey |first3=Grace |last4=Adams |first4=Roger |title=The History of Urologic Surgery: From Reeds to Robotics |journal=Urologic Nursing |date=2011 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=173–180 |doi=10.7257/1053-816X.2011.31.3.173 |pmid=21805756 }}</ref> Surgery to the urethra to remove kidney stones has been described since at least the first century AD by [[Aulus Cornelius Celsus]].<ref name="Nahon2011" />