Editing Ulaanbaatar (section)

== Demographics ==
[[File:The private sector with yurts against the backdrop of high-rise new buildings in Ulaanbaatar.jpg|thumb|Ger districts against a backdrop of new high-rise buildings in Ulaanbaatar]]
{{Historical populations|1950|69951|1960|179063|1970|297615|1979|396300|1989|540300|2000|760077|2010|1089358|2020|1395773|align=right|source=<ref>{{cite web |title=Mongolia: Provinces, Cities & Urban Settlements|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/mongolia/cities/}}</ref>}}
As Mongolia's [[primate city]], Ulaanbaatar has been the focal point for urbanization and migration from rural areas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=Dec 2022 |title=Mongolia: Urban Sector Fact Sheet |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/404296/mongolia-urban-sector-fact-sheet.pdf |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=Asian Development Bank}}</ref> With a population of 400 thousand in 1979,<ref name="citypopulation.de2">{{cite web |title=City Population – Historical population figures |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Mongolia_d.html}}</ref><ref>Statistisches Bundesamt: Statistik des Auslands - Mongolei, 1985</ref><ref>''[[Cartactual]]'', 1 January 1985</ref> it has experienced rapid growth, reaching 1 million inhabitants around 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BBESoft |script-title=mn:Статистик үзүүлэлт |language=mn |url=http://ubstat.mn/StatTable=20 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Нийслэлийн Статистикийн Газар}}</ref> Population growth in the 2010s averaged 2.7% a year, representing a two-fold fall from the previous decade.<ref name="2020-census" /> In 2020, the city's population was recorded as 1,466,125.<ref name="2020-census">{{cite web |script-title=mn:Хүн ам, орон сууцны 2020 оны улсын ээлжит тооллого – Улаанбаатар нэгдсэн дүн |language=mn |url=https://1212.mn/BookLibraryDownload.ashx?url=Ulaanbaatar_XAOCT_Negdsen_dun.pdf&ln=Mn |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=1212.mn}}</ref>

Two-thirds of the city's inhabitants live in [[ger district]]s, areas with inadequate infrastructure, sanitation, and public services.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite news|last=M.|first=Anudari|date=1 July 2020|url=https://montsame.mn/en/read/230078|title=ADB to help redevelop two subcenters in Ulaanbaatar's ger areas|work=Mongolian National News Agency|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref>

64.6% of the population was reported to have been born in Ulaanbaatar. The [[Foreign born|foreign-born]] population was recorded as 17,456 in 2020.<ref name="2020-census" />

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Mongolia}}
Ulaanbaatar has a long tradition of [[Buddhism]], having been initially founded and settled as a monastic center. Prominent places of worship in the city include the [[Gandantegchinlen Monastery]] and [[Choijin Lama Temple]]. In modern times, it has become a multifaith center, having added multiple [[Christianity|Christian]] churches (such as the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] [[Holy Trinity Church, Ulaanbaatar|Holy Trinity Church]], as well as the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral (Ulaanbaatar)|Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral]]) and Islamic mosques.

According to the 2020 national census, 46.3% of the population over 15 years of age identified as being [[irreligious]], while 53.7% identified as being religious, a decrease of 7.7 percentage points in [[religiosity]] since the 2010 census.<ref name="2020-census" />

Of the people identifying as religious, responses included [[Buddhism in Mongolia|Buddhism]] (89.1%), [[Mongolian shamanism|Shamanism]] (5.4%), [[Christianity in Mongolia|Christianity]] (3.3%), and [[Islam in Mongolia|Islam]] (0.9%).<ref name="2020-census" /> Muslims in Ulaanbaatar are mostly the ethnic [[Kazakhs]] minority who reside in [[Nalaikh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amicusmongolia.com/mongolia-muslim-tours/mongolia-highlights-7-days-muslim-tour|title=Mongolia Highlights - 7 Days Muslim Tour|website=Amicus Mongolia Travel Company|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref>