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===Fluoride=== Fluoride-containing toothpaste can be acutely toxic if swallowed in large amounts,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Canedy D |title=Toothpaste a Hazard? Just Ask the F.D.A |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9406E2D81338F937A15750C0A96E958260 |journal=New York Times |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=December 21, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Delivering Better Oral Health 2007">Delivering Better Oral Health: An evidence-based toolkit for prevention. NHS. UK, 2007.</ref> but instances are exceedingly rare and result from prolonged and excessive use of toothpaste (i.e. several tubes per week).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Roos J, Dumolard A, Bourget S, Grange L, Rousseau A, Gaudin P, Calop J, Juvin R | display-authors = 6 | title = [Osteofluorosis caused by excess use of toothpaste] | journal = Presse Médicale | volume = 34 | issue = 20 Pt 1 | pages = 1518–20 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16301964 | doi = 10.1016/S0755-4982(05)84216-2 }}</ref> Approximately 15 mg/kg body weight is the acute lethal dose, even though as small amount as 5 mg/kg may be fatal to some children.<ref name="Kidd-2016">{{Cite book|title=Essentials of Dental Caries | vauthors = Kidd E, Fejerskov O |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-19-873826-8|pages=97 }}</ref> The risk of using fluoride is low enough that the use of full-strength toothpaste (1350–1500 ppm fluoride) is advised for all ages. However, smaller volumes are used for young children, for example, a smear of toothpaste until three years old.<ref name="Delivering Better Oral Health 2007" /> A major concern of [[dental fluorosis]] is for children under 12 months ingesting excessive fluoride through toothpaste. Nausea and vomiting are also problems which might arise with topical fluoride ingestion.<ref name="Kidd-2016" />
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