Editing Toledo, Ohio (section)

==Economy==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2009}}
[[File:Fifth Third Center at One SeaGate.JPG|thumb|upright|One SeaGate, the tallest building in Toledo, is the location of Fifth Third Bank's Northwest Ohio headquarters.]]
[[File:National City Bank Building, Toledo.JPG|thumb|upright|PNC Bank Building, formerly the Ohio Bank Building. Built in 1932, it is the 3rd tallest in Toledo.]]

Before the [[Industrial Revolution]], Toledo was important as a port city on the [[Great Lakes]]. With the advent of the automobile, the city became best known for industrial manufacturing. Both [[General Motors]] and [[Chrysler]] had factories in metropolitan Toledo, and automobile manufacturing has been important at least since [[Kirk Manufacturing Company (automobile company)|Kirk]] started manufacturing automobiles,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clymer |first=Floyd |title=Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 |location=New York |publisher=Bonanza Books |year=1950 |page=158}}</ref> which began operations early in the 20th century. The largest employer in Toledo was [[Jeep]] for much of the 20th century. Since the late 20th century, industrial restructuring reduced the number of these well-paying jobs.

The [[University of Toledo]] is influential in the city, contributing to the prominence of healthcare as the city's biggest employer. The metro area contains four [[Fortune 500]] companies: [[Dana Holding Corporation]], [[Owens Corning]], [[The Andersons]], and [[Owens Illinois]]. [[ProMedica]] is a [[Fortune 1000]] company headquartered in Toledo. One Sea-Gate is the location of [[Fifth Third Bank]]'s Northwest Ohio headquarters.

===Glass industry===
Toledo is known as the Glass City because of its long history of glass manufacturing, including [[window]]s, [[bottle]]s, [[windshield]]s, [[construction|construction materials]], and [[glass art]], of which the [[Toledo Museum of Art]] has a large collection. Several large glass companies have their origins here. [[Owens-Illinois]], [[Owens Corning]], [[Libbey Incorporated]], [[Pilkington]] North America (formerly [[Libbey-Owens-Ford]]), and [[Fortune Brands Home & Security|Therma-Tru]] have long been a staple of Toledo's economy. Other offshoots of these companies also continue to play important roles in Toledo's economy. Fiberglass giant [[Johns Manville]]'s two plants in the metro area were originally built by a subsidiary of Libbey-Owens-Ford.

===Automotive industry===
Several Fortune 500 automotive-related companies had their headquarters in Toledo, including [[Autolite|Electric AutoLite]], [[Sheller-Globe Corporation]], [[Champion (spark plug)|Champion Spark Plug]], Questor, and [[Dana Holding Corporation]]. Only the latter still operates as an independent entity.

Faurecia Exhaust Systems, a subsidiary of France's [[Faurecia]] SA, is in Toledo.

Toledo is the Jeep headquarters and has two production facilities dubbed the [[Toledo Complex]], one in the city and one in suburban Perrysburg. During World War II, the city's industries produced important products for the military, particularly the [[Willys Jeep]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Toledo, Ohio |work=Ohio History Central |date=July 1, 2005 |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=808 |access-date=August 4, 2014 |archive-date=March 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321170239/http://ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=808 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Willys-Overland]] was a major automaker headquartered in Toledo until 1953.

Industrial restructuring and loss of jobs caused the city to adopt new strategies to retain its industrial companies. It offered tax incentives to [[DaimlerChrysler]] to expand its Jeep plant. In 2001, a taxpayer lawsuit was filed against Toledo that challenged the constitutionality of that action. In 2006, the city won the case by a unanimous ruling by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] in ''[[DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno]]''.

General Motors also has operated a [[Toledo Transmission|transmission plant]], in Toledo since 1916 currently owned by Scott Lorenzen. It manufactures and assembles GM's six-speed and eight-speed rear-wheel-drive and six-speed front-wheel-drive transmissions that are used in a variety of GM vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toledo Transmission |url=https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/company_info/facilities/powertrain/toledo.html |website=media.gm.com |publisher=GM |access-date=November 24, 2018 |archive-date=January 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117222712/https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/company_info/facilities/powertrain/toledo.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Green industry===
Belying its [[Rust Belt]] history, the city saw growth in "green jobs" related to solar energy in the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://prospect.org/article/cities-front-lines |title=Cities on the Front Lines |newspaper=The American Prospect |access-date=February 13, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=August 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817134105/http://prospect.org/article/cities-front-lines |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[University of Toledo]] and [[Bowling Green State University]] received Ohio grants for solar energy research.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.toledofreepress.com/2009/07/30/state-awards-solar-research-grant-to-ut-bgsu/ |title=State awards solar research grant to UT, BGSU |first=Duane |last=Ramsey |work=[[Toledo Free Press]] |location=Toledo |date=July 30, 2009 |access-date=August 4, 2014 |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808042754/http://www.toledofreepress.com/2009/07/30/state-awards-solar-research-grant-to-ut-bgsu/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Xunlight Corporation|Xunlight]] and [[First Solar Inc|First Solar]] opened plants in Toledo and the surrounding area.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-07-28-voa65.cfm |title=Old US Industrial Town Looking Forward to a Green Future |first=Jeff |last=Swicord |work=[[Voice of America]] |location=Washington, D.C. |date=July 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825203929/http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-07-28-voa65.cfm |archive-date=August 25, 2009}}</ref>
In May 2019 Balance Farms began operation of an 8,168 square foot indoor [[aquaponics]] farm in downtown Toledo.<ref>{{cite news |title=A look inside Balance Farms, downtown Toledo's aquaponics operation |url=https://www.toledoblade.com/business/agriculture/2019/06/21/inside-balance-pan-asian-grille-farms-downtown-toledo-aquaponics/stories/20190610151 |newspaper=The Blade |access-date=November 25, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=June 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622173316/https://www.toledoblade.com/business/agriculture/2019/06/21/inside-balance-pan-asian-grille-farms-downtown-toledo-aquaponics/stories/20190610151 |url-status=live }}</ref>