Editing The Pirates of Penzance (section)

===Papp's ''Pirates''===
[[File:Pirates-of-penzance-DVDcover.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Rex Smith|Smith]], [[Linda Ronstadt|Ronstadt]] and [[Kevin Kline|Kline]] at the [[Delacorte Theatre]]]]
In 1980, [[Joseph Papp]] and the [[Public Theater]] of New York City produced a new version of ''Pirates'', directed by [[Wilford Leach]] and choreographed by [[Graciela Daniele]], at the [[Delacorte Theatre]] in [[Central Park]], as a [[Shakespeare in the Park]] summer event. Musical direction and arrangements were by William Elliott. The show played for 10 previews and 35 performances. It then transferred to Broadway, opening on 8 January 1981 for a run of 20 previews and 787 regular performances at the [[George Gershwin Theatre|Uris]] and [[Minskoff Theatre|Minskoff]] Theatres, the longest run of any Gilbert and Sullivan production in history.<ref name=Bradley76>Bradley (2005), pp. 76–77</ref> This take on ''Pirates'' earned enthusiastic reviews<ref>[[Frank Rich|Rich, Frank]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/09/theater/stage-pirates-of-penzance-on-broadway.html?scp=1&sq=papp%20%22Pirates%20of%20penzance%22&st=cse "Stage: ''Pirates of Penzance'' on Broadway"], ''The New York Times'', 9 January 1981, accessed 2 July 2010</ref> and seven [[Tony Award]] nominations, winning three, including the award for [[Tony Award for Best Revival|Best Revival]] and for Leach as director. It was also nominated for eight [[Drama Desk Award]]s, winning five, including [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical|Outstanding Musical]] and director.<ref name=IBDB>[http://ibdb.com/production.php?id=4088 "Awards: ''The Pirates of Penzance''"], Internet Broadway Database, accessed 24 October 2013</ref>

Compared with traditional productions of the opera, Papp's ''Pirates'' featured a more swashbuckling Pirate King and Frederic, and a broader, more [[musical comedy]] style of singing and humour. It did not significantly change the libretto, but it used a new orchestration and arrangements that changed keys, added repeats, lengthened dance music and made other minor changes in the score. The "Matter Patter" trio from ''[[Ruddigore]]'' and "Sorry her lot" from ''[[H.M.S. Pinafore]]'', two other Gilbert and Sullivan operas, were interpolated into the show.<ref name=ORC/> The production also restored Gilbert and Sullivan's original New York ending, with a reprise of the Major-General's song in the Act II finale. [[Linda Ronstadt]] starred as Mabel, [[Rex Smith]] as Frederic, [[Kevin Kline]] as the Pirate King, [[Patricia Routledge]] as Ruth (replaced by [[Estelle Parsons]] for the Broadway transfer), [[George Rose (actor)|George Rose]] as the Major-General, and [[Tony Azito]] as the Sergeant of Police. Kline won a Tony Award for his performance. Smith won a [[Theatre World Award]], and Kline and Azito won Drama Desk Awards. Notable replacements during the Broadway run included [[Karla DeVito]], [[Maureen McGovern]] and [[Pam Dawber]] as Mabel; [[Robby Benson]], [[Patrick Cassidy (actor)|Patrick Cassidy]] and [[Peter Noone]] as Frederic; [[Treat Williams]], [[Gary Sandy]], [[James Belushi]] and [[Wally Kurth]] as the Pirate King; [[David Garrison]] as the Sergeant; [[George S. Irving]] as the Major-General; and [[Kaye Ballard]] and [[Marcia Bagwell]] as Ruth. The Los Angeles cast of the production featured [[Barry Bostwick]] as the Pirate King, [[Jo Anne Worley]] as Ruth, [[Clive Revill]] as the Major-General, Dawber as Mabel, [[Paxton Whitehead]] as the Sergeant, [[Caroline Peyton]] as Edith and [[Andy Gibb]] as Frederic.<ref name=IBDB/>

The production opened at the [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]], London, on 26 May 1982, to generally warm reviews, for a run of 601 performances, earning an [[Olivier Award]] nomination as Outstanding Musical and another for [[Tim Curry]] as the Pirate King. Among the cast were [[George Cole (actor)|George Cole]] and [[Ronald Fraser (actor)|Ronald Fraser]] as the Major-General; [[Pamela Stephenson]] as Mabel; [[Michael Praed]] and Peter Noone as Frederic; Curry, [[Timothy Bentinck]], [[Oliver Tobias]] and [[Paul Nicholas]] as the Pirate King; [[Chris Langham]] as the Sergeant; [[Annie Ross]] as Ruth; [[Bonnie Langford]] as Kate; and [[Louise Gold]] as Isabel.<ref>''[[Theatre Record]]'', 19 May 1982 to 2 June 1982, p. 278</ref> The Australian production opened in Melbourne in January 1984, opening the new [[Victorian Arts Centre]], directed by John Feraro. It starred [[Jon English]] as the Pirate King, [[Simon Gallaher]] as Frederic, [[June Bronhill]] as Ruth, [[David Atkins]] as the Sergeant and [[Marina Prior]] as Mabel. The six-week limited season was followed by an Australian national tour from 1984 to 1986 and another tour with same cast in the mid-1990s.<ref name=Bradley76/> In 1985, Papp's ''Pirates'' opened the new [[Queensland Performing Arts Centre]] in Brisbane.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} Gallaher's [[Essgee Entertainment]] version of ''Pirates'' was inspired by the Papp version.<ref name=Bradley76/> The Papp version also inspired foreign-language productions in Germany and elsewhere in Europe.<ref name=ORC/> The Papp production was turned into [[The Pirates of Penzance (film)|a film in 1983]], with the original Broadway principal cast reprising their roles, except that [[Angela Lansbury]] replaced Estelle Parsons as Ruth. The minor roles used British actors miming to their Broadway counterparts. The film has been shown occasionally on television. Another film based loosely on the opera and inspired by the success of the Papp version, ''[[The Pirate Movie]]'', was released during the Broadway run.<ref>Shepherd, Marc. [http://gasdisc.oakapplepress.com/narrfilm.htm "The G&S Operas on Film"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606062612/http://gasdisc.oakapplepress.com/narrfilm.htm |date=6 June 2010 }}. ''A Gilbert and Sullivan Discography'', 3 September 2008, accessed 2 July 2010</ref> 

[[File:Opera Australia's Pirates of Penzance.jpg|thumb|left|[[Opera Australia]]'s 2007 touring production of ''Pirates'', with [[Anthony Warlow]] as the Pirate King]]
The Papp production design has been widely imitated in later productions of ''Pirates'', even where traditional orchestration and the standard score are used.<ref name=Bradley76/> [[Ian Bradley]] wrote:
{{blockquote|[Papp's version] has been regularly revived on both sides of the Atlantic – a British revival in 2000 transferred from the [[West Yorkshire Playhouse]], [[Leeds]], to the [[Regent's Park Open Air Theatre|Open Air Theatre in Regents' Park]] – and has also become well established in the repertoire of amateur student societies. No other production has had as much lasting impact or influence. ... It also helped to promote G&S in places where it has been little performed and bring it to the attention of a much wider and younger audience.<ref name=Bradley76/>}} An unlicensed 1982 production mounted in Dublin in advance of Papp's own London production was enjoined from transferring to London by a successful lawsuit.<ref>Bennetts, Leslie. [https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/18/movies/pirating-of-the-pirates-of-penzance.html "Pirating of ''The Pirates of Penzance''"], ''The New York Times'', 18 August 1982, accessed 11 October 2011</ref> One at the Savoy Theatre in 2004, directed by Steven Dexter and presented by Raymond Gubbay, used a new musical arrangement, to avoid Papp's copyright.<ref>[http://www.thisistheatre.com/londonshows/piratesofpenzance.html "''The Pirates of Penzance'' – 2004"], ThisIsTheatre.com, accessed 17 November 2020.</ref><ref>Seckerson, Edward. [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/the-pirates-of-penzance-savoy-theatre-london-73195.html "''The Pirates of Penzance'', Savoy Theatre, London"], ''[[The Independent]]'', 12 January 2004</ref> Some modern productions combine design elements borrowed from the Disney film franchise ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]'' with aspects of the Papp production. From 2006 to 2007 an [[Opera Australia]] production toured Australia starring [[Anthony Warlow]] as the Pirate King.<ref>[https://www.abouttheartists.com/productions/178237-the-pirates-of-penzance-at-various-venues-2006-2007 "Opera Australia presents: ''The Pirates of Penzance''"], ''About the Artists''. Retrieved 29 December 2023</ref><ref>Collette, Adrian. [http://www.opera-australia.org.au/res/pdfs/Opera_Australia_Annual_Report_2007.pdf "Chief Executive's Report"] {{Webarchive| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022035631/http://www.opera-australia.org.au/res/pdfs/Opera_Australia_Annual_Report_2007.pdf |date=22 October 2013 }}, Opera Australia Annual Report 2007, p. 11, accessed 22 October 2013</ref> Not all of the Papp-inspired revivals have generated the same enthusiasm as Papp's 1980s productions: a 1999 UK touring production received this critique: "No doubt when Papp first staged this show in New York and London it had some quality of cheek or [[chutzpah]] or pizzazz or irony or something that accounted for its success. But all that's left now ... is a crass Broadway-style musical arrangement ... and the worst kind of smutty send-up of a historic piece of art."<ref>McMillan, Joyce. [http://www.scotsman.com/news/the-pirates-of-penzance-1-582472 "Sinking a Victorian classic – ''The Pirates of Penzance''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017175730/http://www.scotsman.com/news/the-pirates-of-penzance-1-582472 |date=17 October 2014 }}, ''[[The Scotsman]]'', 31 October 2001, p. 11, accessed 11 October 2014</ref>