Editing The Hague (section)

=== International politics ===
[[File:International Court of Justice HQ 2006.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|The [[Peace Palace]] houses the [[International Court of Justice]] and [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]] amongst other institutions.]]
[[File:International Criminal Court Headquarters, Netherlands.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|[[International Criminal Court]]]]
[[File:Europa Congres Ridderzaal Den Haag. Overzicht, Bestanddeelnr 902-7379.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Meeting in the [[Ridderzaal|Hall of Knights]] during the [[Congress of Europe]] (9 May 1948)]]
The Hague is home to many different international judicial bodies, such as the [[International Court of Justice]] (ICJ), the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC), and the [[International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals]] (IRMCT). It houses [[Hague Penitentiary Institution|Scheveningen Prison]], the ICC's detention center for those suspected of war crimes and other violations of international law.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-05-16 |title=Profile: Scheveningen prison |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18084974 |access-date=2022-04-23}}</ref> The Hague is the fourth major centre for the [[United Nations]], after New York, Geneva and Vienna.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/Nieuws/article/detail/1132183/2009/03/11/Beveiliging-is-routine-voor-Haagse-autoriteiten.dhtml|title=Beveiliging is routine voor Haagse autoriteiten|last=Slager|first=Seije|date=11 March 2009|newspaper=Trouw|language=nl|access-date=31 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020075010/http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/Nieuws/article/detail/1132183/2009/03/11/Beveiliging-is-routine-voor-Haagse-autoriteiten.dhtml|archive-date=20 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

The foundation of The Hague as an [[Hague Justice Portal|"international city of peace and justice"]] started at the end of the 19th century, when [[Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907|the first global peace conference]] took place in The Hague on [[Tobias Asser]]'s initiative, with a second one a few years later. A direct result of these meetings was the establishment of the world's first organisation for the settlement of international disputes, the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]] (PCA). Shortly thereafter, the Scottish-American millionaire [[Andrew Carnegie]] made the necessary funds available to build the [[Peace Palace]] to house the PCA. After the establishment of the [[League of Nations]], The Hague became the seat of the [[Permanent Court of International Justice]], which was replaced (after [[World War II]]) by the UN's [[International Court of Justice]]. The establishments of the [[Iran–United States Claims Tribunal]] (1981), the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] (1993), and the [[International Criminal Court]] (2002) in the city further consolidated its role as a centre for international legal arbitration. Most recently, on 1 March 2009, the [[Special Tribunal for Lebanon]], a UN tribunal to investigate and prosecute suspects in the 2005 assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, opened in the former headquarters of the Dutch [[General Intelligence and Security Service]] in [[Leidschendam]], a town within the greater area of The Hague.

Other major international and European organisations based in The Hague include:

* [[Europol]], European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation
* [[Eurojust]], European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation
* [[Europeana]], European Union digital platform for cultural heritage.
* [[The Hague Academy of International Law]], centre for high-level education in both public and private international law
* [[Hague Conference on Private International Law]] (HCCH), the oldest and preeminent private international law harmonisation institution
* [[International Commission on Missing Persons]] (ICMP)
* [[European Patent Office]]
* [[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]
* [[NATO Communications and Information Agency]], (NCI Agency)
* [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] (OPCW)
* [[European Library|The European Library]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/index.html |title=TheEuropeanLibrary.org |publisher=TheEuropeanLibrary.org |access-date=4 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617120215/http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/index.html |archive-date=17 June 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Many academic institutions in the fields of international relations, international law, and international development are based in The Hague. The [[Hague Academic Coalition]] (HAC) is a consortium of those institutions.

Its member institutions are:
* [[Carnegie Foundation (Netherlands)|Carnegie Foundation]]
* [[Hague Institute for the Internationalisation of Law]] (HiiL)
* [[International Institute of Social Studies]] (ISS) of [[Erasmus University Rotterdam]]
* [[Leiden University College The Hague]]
* [[Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael|Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael']]
* [[The Hague Academy of International Law]]
* [[The Hague University of Applied Sciences]]
* [[T.M.C. Asser Instituut]]

In 1948, the [[Congress of Europe]] was held with 750 delegates from 26 European governments, providing them with the opportunity to discuss ideas about the development of [[European integration]], which eventually culminated in the creation of the modern-day [[European Union]].