Editing Tattoo (section)

=== North America ===
Many [[Indigenous people of North America|Indigenous peoples of North America]] practice tattooing.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Root |first=Leeanne |date=13 September 2018 |title=How Native American Tattoos Influenced the Body Art Industry |url=https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/native-american-tattoos-influenced-body-art-industry |access-date=12 June 2022 |newspaper=Ict News |language=en}}</ref> European explorers and traders who met Native Americans noticed these tattoos and wrote about them, and a few Europeans chose to be tattooed by Native Americans.<ref name="Friedman2012">{{cite thesis |type=PhD |last=Friedman Herlihy |first=Anna Felicity |title=Tattooed Transculturites: Western Expatriates among Amerindian and Pacific Islander Societies, 1500–1900 |date=June 2012 |publisher=University of Chicago |location=Chicago, IL |url=https://tattoohistorian.com/2017/01/07/tattooed-transculturites-read-my-phd-tattoo-history-dissertation-online/}}</ref> See [[History of tattooing#North America|history of tattooing in North America]].

By the time of the [[American Revolution]], tattoos were already common among American sailors (see [[sailor tattoos]]).<ref name="Dye">{{Cite journal |last=Dye |first=Ira |date=1989 |title=The Tattoos of Early American Seafarers, 1796–1818 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/986875 |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |volume=133 |issue=4 |pages=520–554 |jstor=986875 |issn=0003-049X}}</ref> Tattoos were listed in [[protection papers]], an identity certificate issued to prevent [[impressment]] into the British [[Royal Navy]].<ref name="Dye" /> Because protection papers were proof of American citizenship, Black sailors used them to show that they were freemen.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fDsHKydL67kC&q=%22protection%20papers%22%20slavery&pg=PA305 Law in American History: Volume 1: From the Colonial Years Through the Civil War.] Page 305.</ref>

[[File:Tattooed sailor aboard the USS New Jersey.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Sailor tattoos|Sailor being tattooed]] by a fellow sailor aboard [[USS New Jersey (BB-62)|USS ''New Jersey'']] in 1944]]
The first recorded professional tattoo shop in the U.S. was established in the early 1870s by a German immigrant, [[Martin Hildebrandt]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyssen |first=Carmen |title=New York City's 1800s Tattoo Shops |url=https://buzzworthytattoo.com/saloon-tattoo-shops-of-new-york-citys-4th-ward/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907022552/http://www.buzzworthytattoo.com/saloon-tattoo-shops-of-new-york-citys-4th-ward/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=7 September 2017 |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Buzzworthy Tattoo History |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Amer |first1=Aïda |last2=Laskow |first2=Sarah |date=13 August 2018 |title=Tattooing in the Civil War Was a Hedge Against Anonymous Death |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/civil-war-tattoos |access-date=5 June 2022 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> He had served as a Union soldier in the Civil War and tattooed many other soldiers.<ref name=":0" />

Soon after the Civil War, tattoos became fashionable among upper-class young adults.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namra |first=Inbar |title=Victorian Tattoos – Yes, They Were a Thing|url=https://greatest.ink/blog/victorian-tattoos-yes-they-were-a-thing/ |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Greatest Ink |date=5 May 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> This trend lasted until the beginning of World War I. The invention of the electric tattoo machine caused popularity of tattoos among the wealthy to drop off. The machine made the tattooing procedure both much easier and cheaper, thus, eliminating the status symbol tattoos previously held, as they were now affordable for all socioeconomic classes. The status symbol of a tattoo shifted from a representation of wealth to a mark typically seen on rebels and criminals. Despite this change, tattoos remained popular among military servicemen, a tradition that continues today.

In 1975, there were only 40 tattoo artists in the U.S.; in 1980, there were more than 5,000 self-proclaimed tattoo artists,<ref name="Think before you ink: Tattoo risks">{{Cite web |title=Think before you ink: Tattoo risks |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/tattoos-and-piercings/art-20045067 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Mayo Clinic |language=en}}</ref> appearing in response to sudden demand.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/11/09/original-tattoo-artist-times-changing/99616353-ba75-477d-822c-4aeaf062d17a/ |title=Original Tattoo Artist: Times Changing |date=9 November 1980 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=5 March 2019 |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

Many studies have been done of the tattooed population and society's view of tattoos. In June 2006, the ''[[American Academy of Dermatology|Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology]]'' published the results of a telephone survey of 2004: it found that 36% of Americans ages 18–29, 24% of those 30–40, and 15% of those 41–51 had a tattoo.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kirby |first1=David |title=Inked Well |date=2012 |publisher=Bedford/St. Martins |location=Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide |isbn=978-0-312-67684-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/patternsforcolle0000unse/page/685 685–689] |url=https://archive.org/details/patternsforcolle0000unse/page/685}}</ref> In September 2006, the [[Pew Research Center]] conducted a telephone survey that found that 36% of Americans ages 18–25, 40% of those 26–40 and 10% of those 41–64 had a tattoo. They concluded that [[Generation X]] and [[Millennials]] express themselves through their appearance, and tattoos are a popular form of self-expression.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://people-press.org/report/300/a-portrait-of-generation-next |publisher=[[Pew Research Center|The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press]] |title=A Portrait of 'Generation Next' |date=9 January 2007 |access-date=5 April 2012}}</ref> In January 2008, a survey conducted online by [[Harris Insights & Analytics|Harris Interactive]] estimated that 14% of all adults in the United States have a tattoo, slightly down from 2003, when 16% had a tattoo. Among age groups, 9% of those ages 18–24, 32% of those 25–29, 25% of those 30–39 and 12% of those 40–49 have tattoos, as do 8% of those 50–64. Men are slightly more likely to have a tattoo than women.

Since the 1970s, tattoos have become a mainstream part of Western fashion, common both for men and women, and among all economic classes<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/history-ink/wQx72HUG |title=History, Ink – The Valentine |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> and to age groups from the later teen years to middle age. For many young Americans, the tattoo has taken on a decidedly different meaning than for previous generations. The tattoo has undergone "dramatic redefinition" and has shifted from a form of deviance to an acceptable form of expression.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Roberts |first=D. J. |title=Secret Ink: Tattoo's Place in Contemporary American Culture |journal=Journal of American Culture |volume=35 |number=2 |year=2012 |pages=153–65 |doi=10.1111/j.1542-734x.2012.00804.x |pmid=22737733}}</ref> As of 1 November 2006, [[Oklahoma]] became the last state to legalize tattooing, having banned it since 1963.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2006-05-11-0605110139-story.html |title=State last to legalize tattoo artists, parlors |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=11 May 2006 |access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref>