Editing Taiko (section)

==Regional styles==
Aside from ''kumi-daiko'' performance, a number of folk traditions that use taiko have been recognized in different regions in Japan.  Some of these include {{nihongo4|''ondeko''|鬼太鼓|"demon drumming"}} from [[Sado, Niigata|Sado Island]], ''{{Interlanguage link multi|gion-daiko|ja|3=小倉祇園太鼓}}'' from the town of [[Kokura]], and ''{{Interlanguage link multi|sansa-odori|ja|3=盛岡さんさ踊り}}'' from [[Iwate Prefecture]].{{sfn|Bender|2012|p=225}}

===Eisa===
[[File:An eisa folk dancing troupe performs at the 2010 Okinawa International Carnival Nov 101127-F-HZ730-008.jpg|thumb|Eisa are folk dances from Okinawa that involve the use of taiko while dancing.|alt=An eisa folk dancing troupe performs at night at the 2010 Okinawa International Carnival.]]
{{main|Eisa (dance)}}
A variety of folk dances originating from [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]], known collectively as [[Eisa (dance)|eisa]], often make use of the taiko.{{sfn|Terada|2013|p=234}} Some performers use drums while dancing, and generally speaking, perform in one of two styles:{{sfn|Kumada|2011|pp=193–244}} groups on the [[Uruma, Okinawa#Yokatsu Islands|Yokatsu Peninsula]] and on Hamahiga Island use small, single-sided drums called {{nihongo4|''pāranku''|パーランク}} whereas groups near [[Okinawa, Okinawa|the city of Okinawa]] generally use ''shime-daiko''.{{sfn|Terada|2013|p=234}}{{sfn|Kobayashi|1998|pp=36–40}} Use of ''shime-daiko'' over ''pāranku'' has spread throughout the island, and is considered the dominant style.{{sfn|Kobayashi|1998|pp=36–40}} Small ''nagadō-daiko'', referred to as ''ō-daiko'' within the tradition, are also used{{sfn|Cangia|2013|p=149}} and are worn in front of the performer.{{sfn|Bender|2012|p=210}} These drum dances are not limited to Okinawa and have appeared in places containing Okinawan communities such as in [[São Paulo]], [[Hawaii]], and large cities on the [[Honshu|Japanese mainland]].{{sfn|Terada|2013|p=235}}

===Hachijō-daiko===
[[File:Hachijo taiko 2007-03-21-alt.jpg|thumb|left|Hachijō-daiko is a music tradition involving two players on a single drum.|alt=Two women wearing kimonos perform traditional Hachijō-daiko.]]
{{nihongo4|''Hachijō-daiko''|八丈太鼓||trans. "Hachijō-style taiko"}} is a taiko tradition originating on the island of [[Hachijō-jima]].{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=171}} Two styles of ''Hachijō-daiko'' emerged and have been popularized among residents: an older tradition based on a historical account, and a newer tradition influenced by mainland groups and practiced by the majority of the islanders.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=171}}

The ''Hachijō-daiko'' tradition was documented as early as 1849 based on a journal kept by an exile named [[Kakuso Kizan]]. He mentioned some of its unique features, such as "a taiko is suspended from a tree while women and children gathered around", and observed that a player used either side of the drum while performing.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=2}} Illustrations from Kizan's journal show features of ''Hachijō-daiko''. These illustrations also featured women performing, which is unusual as taiko performance elsewhere during this period was typically reserved for men. Teachers of the tradition have noted that the majority of its performers were women; one estimate asserts that female performers outnumbered males by three to one.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=3}}

[[File:Hachijo-style taiko performance.webm|thumb|right|A performance in Hachijō-daiko style. On the upright drum, the ''uwa-byōshi'' (left) plays more complex rhythms while the ''shita-byōshi'' (right) plays a consistent underlying rhythm.|alt=refer to caption]]
The first style of Hachijō-daiko is thought to descend directly from the style reported by Kizan. This style is called ''Kumaoji-daiko'', named after its creator Okuyama Kumaoji, a central performer of the style.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=5}} ''Kumaoji-daiko'' has two players on a single drum, one of whom, called the {{nihongo4|''shita-byōshi''|下拍子|"lower beat"}}, provides the underlying beat.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=8}} The other player, called the {{nihongo4|''uwa-byōshi''|上拍子|"upper beat"}}, builds on this rhythmical foundation with unique and typically improvised rhythms.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=8}}{{sfn|Honda|1984|p=931}} While there are specific types of underlying rhythms, the accompanying player is free to express an original musical beat.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=8}} ''Kumaoji-daiko'' also features an unusual positioning for taiko: the drums are sometimes suspended from ropes,{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=7}} and historically, sometimes drums were suspended from trees.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=2}}

The contemporary style of ''Hachijō-daiko'' is called {{nihongo4|''shin-daiko''|新太鼓|"new taiko"}}, which differs from ''Kumaoji-daiko'' in multiple ways.  For instance, while the lead and accompanying roles are still present, ''shin-daiko'' performances use larger drums exclusively on stands.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|pp=14, 18–19}} ''Shin-daiko'' emphasizes a more powerful sound, and consequently, performers use larger bachi made out of stronger wood.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=19}} Looser clothing is worn by ''shin-daiko'' performers compared to [[kimono]] worn by ''Kumaoji-daiko'' performers; the looser clothing in ''shin-daiko'' allow performers to adopt more open stances and larger movements with the legs and arms.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|pp=14, 19}} Rhythms used for the accompanying ''shita-byōshi'' role can also differ.  One type of rhythm, called ''yūkichi'', consists of the following: 
{{clear}}
[[File:Yukichi.png|alt=Music notation indicating a drum rhythm|center]]

This rhythm is found in both styles, but is always played faster in ''shin-daiko''.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=14}} Another type of rhythm, called ''honbadaki'', is unique to ''shin-daiko'' and also contains a song which is performed in standard Japanese.{{sfn|Alaszewska|2008|p=14}}

===Miyake-daiko===
{{nihongo4|''Miyake-daiko''|三宅太鼓||trans. "Miyake-style taiko"}} is a style that has spread amongst groups through Kodo, and is formally known as {{nihongo4|''Miyake-jima Kamitsuki mikoshi-daiko''|三宅島神着神輿太鼓}}.{{sfn|Bender|2012|p=98}} The word ''miyake'' comes from [[Miyake-jima]], part of the [[Izu Islands]], and the word ''Kamitsuki'' refers to the village where the tradition came from. Miyake-style taiko came out of performances for {{nihongo4|''Gozu Tennō Sai''|牛頭天王祭|"Gozu Tennō Festival"}}— a traditional festival held annually in July on Miyake Island since 1820 honoring the deity [[Gozu Tennō]].{{sfn|Ikeda|1983|p=275}} In this festival, players perform on taiko while [[portable shrine]]s are carried around town.<ref name=Miyake>{{cite web|title=Overview|url=http://www.miyaketaiko.com/en/overview/index.html|publisher=Miyake Taiko|access-date=20 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055243/http://www.miyaketaiko.com/en/overview/index.html|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> The style itself is characterized in a number of ways. A ''nagadō-daiko'' is typically set low to the ground and played by two performers, one on each side; instead of sitting, performers stand and hold a stance that is also very low to the ground, almost to the point of kneeling.<ref name=Miyake />{{sfn|Bender|2012|pp=98–99}}