Editing Syndicalism (section)

== Legacy ==
[[File:MITING CNT MONTJUÏC.jpg|thumb|The Spanish anarchist [[Federica Montseny]] addressing a [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]] meeting in Barcelona in 1977 attended by about 300,000 people{{Sfn|Ealham|2015|p=203}}]]
The Nationalist faction victory in the Spanish Civil War put an end to syndicalism as a mass movement.{{Sfn|Darlington|2008|pp=3, 157}} Immediately after World War II, there were attempts to rekindle anarcho-syndicalism in Germany; these were thwarted by Cold War anti-communism, [[Stalinism]], and a failure to attract newer younger activists.{{Sfnm|1a1=Bock|1y=1969|1p=348|2a1=Bock|2y=1976|2pp=173–174}} Syndicalists maintained some influence in Latin American labor movements into the 1970s.{{Sfn|Zimmer|2018|p=364}} The [[protest movements of the late 1960s]] saw renewed interest in syndicalism by activists in Germany,{{Sfn|Bock|1976|pp=253, 256}} the United States,{{Sfn|Buhle|2005}} and Britain.{{Sfn|Travis|2000}} During its [[Hot Autumn]] of 1969, Italy experienced labor actions reminiscent of syndicalism; according to [[Carl Levy (political scientist)|Carl Levy]], syndicalists did not actually exert any influence.{{Sfn|Levy|2000|p=249}} During the 1980s in the Polish People's Republic, the trade union [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] ({{lang|pl|Solidarność}}), even though not strictly syndicalist, attracted masses of dissident workers by reviving many syndicalist ideas and practices.{{Sfn|van der Linden|Thorpe|1990|p=19}} European anarcho-syndicalist unions declined after World War II.{{Sfnm|1a1=Damier|1y=2009|1p=193|2a1=Kuhn|2y=2014|2p=170}} The Swedish [[SAC Syndikalisterna]] remained one of the few active IWA affiliates.{{Sfnm|1a1=Kuhn|1y=2014|1p=170|2a1=van der Walt|2a2=Schmidt|2y=2009|2p=222}}

The IWA exists to this day, albeit with very little influence. At most, it is a "flicker of history, the custodian of doctrine" according to Wayne Thorpe.{{Sfn|van der Linden|Thorpe|1990|pp=257–258}} Among its member organizations is the British [[Solidarity Federation]], which was formed in 1950, originally named the Syndicalist Workers' Federation.{{Sfn|Barberis|McHugh|Tyldesley|2000|pp=167–168}} The German [[Free Workers' Union]] ({{lang|de|Freie Arbeiterinnen- und Arbeiter-Union}}, FAU) was formed to carry on the FAUD's tradition in 1977; it has a membership of just 350 as of 2011.{{Sfnm|1a1=Drücke|1y=2011|1p=39|2a1=Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz|2y=2011|2pp=165–166}} It left the IWA in 2018 to form the International Confederation of Labor (ICL).{{Sfn|Pérez|2018}} Spain has several syndicalist federations, including the CNT, which has around 50,000 members as of 2018. It, too, was a member of the IWA until 2018, when it joined the FAU in forming the ICL.{{Sfnm|1a1=Cleminson|1y=2012|1pp=412–413|2a1=Pascual|2y=2018|3a1=Pérez|3y=2018}} After being defeated in the civil war, tens of thousands of CNT militants went into exile, mostly in France. In exile, the organization atrophied, with just 5,000 mostly older members by 1960. During the [[Spanish transition to democracy]], the CNT was revived with a peak membership of over 300,000 in 1978; however, it was soon weakened, first by accusations of having been involved in the [[Scala affair]] (bombing of a nightclub), then by a schism.{{Sfn|Ealham|2015|pp=122, 180–181, 212–215}} Members who favored participation in state-sponsored union elections left and formed an organization they would eventually name the [[General Confederation of Labour (Spain)|General Confederation of Labor]] ({{lang|es|Confederación General del Trabajo}}, CGT). Despite these concessions, the CGT still views itself as an anarcho-syndicalist organization and has around 100,000 members as of 2018.{{Sfnm|1a1=Ealham|1y=2015|1pp=215–216|2a1=Pascual|2y=2018}}

According to Darlington, syndicalism left a legacy that was widely admired by labor and political activists in a number of countries. For example, the IWW song "[[Solidarity Forever]]" became part of the American labor movement's canon. The strike wave, including the recruitment of unskilled and foreign-born workers by the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]], that swept the United States in the 1930s followed in the IWW's footsteps. The tactic of the [[sit-down strike]], made famous by the [[United Auto Workers]] in the [[Flint sit-down strike]], was pioneered by Wobblies in 1906.{{Sfn|Darlington|2008|pp=278–279}}

In his study of French syndicalism, Stearns concluded that it was a dismal failure. He argues that the radicalism of syndicalist labor leaders shocked French workers and the government, and thereby weakened the labor movement as a whole. Syndicalism was most popular among workers not yet fully integrated into modern capitalist industry but most French workers had adapted to this system and accepted it, therefore it was not able to seriously challenge prevailing conditions or even scare politicians and employers.{{Sfn|Stearns|1971|pp=103–107}}
<!-- To-do
Check:
Lehning
Hirsch/van der Walt
Need to find more

Syndicalist influence on labor movement:
Darlington
Jacques Julliard: Syndicalisme révolutionnaire et révolution étudiante
Ponsard: Sur les traces d'un antiparlementarisme syndical
Need to find more

Syndicalism after 1968:
Gombin: The Origins of Modern Leftism
Seidman: The Imaginary Revolution: Parisian Students and Workers in 1968

Paul Buhle: The Legacy of the IWW, Monthly Review 2005.

On success/failure:
Levy 2000
Friedman: Revolutionary Unionism and French Labour
Magraw: Workers and the Bourgeois Republic-->