Editing Sudan (section)

==== 2021 coup and the al-Burhan regime ====
{{main|October–November 2021 Sudanese coup d'état}}
The Sudanese government announced on 21 September 2021 that there was a failed attempt at a [[coup d'état]] from the military that had led to the arrest of 40 military officers.<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 September 2021|title=Coup attempt fails in Sudan – state media|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58629978|access-date=21 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nima Elbagir and Yasir Abdullah|title=Sudan foils coup attempt and 40 officers arrested, senior officials say|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/21/africa/sudan-failed-coup-attempt-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=21 September 2021|website=CNN|date=21 September 2021 }}</ref>

One month after the attempted coup, another military coup on 25 October 2021 resulted in the deposition of the civilian government, including former Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok. The coup was led by general [[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] who subsequently declared a state of emergency.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sudan's civilian leaders arrested – reports|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/sudan-s-civilian-leaders-arrested-reports/ar-AAPUVmO|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 October 2021|title=Sudan Officials Detained, Communication Lines Cut in Apparent Military Coup|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-25/sudanese-gov-t-officials-detained-group-sees-apparent-coup}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 October 2021|title=Sudan's civilian leaders arrested amid coup reports|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-59033142}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Magdy|first=Samy|title=Gov't officials detained, phones down in possible Sudan coup|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/sudanese-govt-officials-detained-group-sees-apparent-coup-80763796 |website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Burhan took office as the de facto head of state of Sudan and formed a new army-backed government on 11 November 2021.<ref name="al Jazeera 11/2021">{{cite news |title=Sudan army chief names new governing Sovereign Council |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/11/sudan-army-chief-issues-a-decree-for-new-sovereign-council |access-date=20 March 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |date=11 November 2021 |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321000037/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/11/sudan-army-chief-issues-a-decree-for-new-sovereign-council |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 21 November 2021, Hamdok was reinstated as prime minister after a political agreement was signed by Burhan to restore the transition to civilian rule (although Burhan retained control). The 14-point deal called for the release of all political prisoners detained during the coup and stipulated that a 2019 constitutional declaration continued to be the basis for a political transition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sudan's Hamdok reinstated as PM after political agreement signed|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/21/sudans-hamdok-reinstated-as-pm-after-political-agreement-signed|access-date=21 November 2021|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> Hamdok fired the chief of police Khaled Mahdi Ibrahim al-Emam and his second in command Ali Ibrahim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=27 November 2021 |title=Reinstated Sudanese PM Hamdok dismisses police chiefs |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/27/reinstated-sudanese-pm-hamdok-dismisses-police-chiefs |access-date=22 March 2022 |website=Al Jazeera.com |language=en}}</ref>

On 2 January 2022, Hamdok announced his resignation from the position of Prime Minister following one of the most deadly protests to date.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sudan PM Abdalla Hamdok resigns after deadly protest|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/2/sudan-pm-abdalla-hamdok-resigns-after-deadly-protest|access-date=2 January 2022|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> He was succeeded by [[Osman Hussein (politician)|Osman Hussein]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sudantribune.com/article254282/|title=Sudan's Burhan forms caretaker government|date=20 February 2022|website=sudantribune.com|access-date=19 February 2022|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124205401/https://sudantribune.com/article254282/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/africa/other/acting-council-of-ministers-approves-general-budget-for-year-2022/ar-AASYiyW|title=Acting Council of Ministers Approves General Budget for Year 2022|website=MSN|access-date=19 February 2022|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219211159/https://www.msn.com/en-xl/africa/other/acting-council-of-ministers-approves-general-budget-for-year-2022/ar-AASYiyW|url-status=live}}</ref> By March 2022 over 1,000 people including 148 children had been detained for opposing the coup, there were 25 allegations of rape<ref name=":2" /> and 87 people had been killed<ref>{{Cite web |last=Associated Press |date=18 March 2022 |title=Sudan group says 187 wounded in latest anti-coup protests |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/sudan-group-187-wounded-latest-anti-coup-protests-83523107 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318093526/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/sudan-group-187-wounded-latest-anti-coup-protests-83523107 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |access-date=22 March 2022 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> including 11 children.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bachelet |first=Michelle |date=7 March 2022 |title=Oral update on the situation of human rights in the Sudan – Statement by United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/oral-update-situation-human-rights-sudan |access-date=22 March 2022 |website=ReliefWeb/ 49th Session of the UN Human Rights Council |language=en}}</ref>