Editing Submarine (section)

===Polar operations===
[[File:USS Annapolis ICEX.jpg|thumb|US Navy attack submarine {{USS|Annapolis|SSN-760|6}} rests in the Arctic Ocean after surfacing through one metre of ice during Ice Exercise 2009 on 21 March 2009.]]
* 1903 – [[Simon Lake]] submarine ''Protector'' surfaced through ice off [[Newport, Rhode Island]].<ref name="proceedings">McLaren, Alfred S., CAPT USN "Under the Ice in Submarines" ''United States Naval Institute Proceedings'' July 1981, pp. 105–9</ref>
* 1930 – {{USS|O-12|SS-73|6}} operated under ice near [[Spitsbergen]].<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1937 – Soviet submarine ''Krasnogvardeyets'' operated under ice in the [[Denmark Strait]].<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1941–45 – German U-boats operated under ice from the [[Barents Sea]] to the [[Laptev Sea]].<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1946 – {{USS|Atule|SS-403|6}} used upward-beamed fathometer in [[Operation Nanook (1946)|Operation Nanook]] in the [[Davis Strait]].<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1946–47 – {{USS|Sennet|SS-408|6}} used under-ice [[sonar]] in [[Operation High Jump]] in the Antarctic.<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1947 – {{USS|Boarfish|SS-327|6}} used upward-beamed echo sounder under pack ice in the [[Chukchi Sea]].<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1948 – {{USS|Carp|SS-338|6}} developed techniques for making vertical ascents and descents through [[polynya]]s in the Chukchi Sea.<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1952 – {{USS|Redfish|SS-395|6}} used an expanded upward-beamed sounder array in the [[Beaufort Sea]].<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1957 – {{USS|Nautilus|SSN-571|6}} reached 87 degrees north near Spitsbergen.<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 3 August 1958 – ''Nautilus'' used an [[inertial navigation system]] to reach the North Pole.<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 17 March 1959 – {{USS|Skate|SSN-578|6}} surfaced through the ice at the north pole.<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1960 – {{USS|Sargo|SSN-583|6}} transited {{convert|900|mi}} under ice over the shallow ({{convert|125|to|180|ft|disp=or}} deep) Bering-Chukchi shelf.<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1960 – {{USS|Seadragon|SSN-584|6}} transited the [[Northwest Passage]] under ice.<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1962 – Soviet {{sclass2|November|submarine|2}} {{ship|Soviet submarine|K-3 Leninsky Komsomol||2}} reached the north pole.<ref name="proceedings"/>
* 1970 – {{USS|Queenfish|SSN-651|6}} carried out an extensive undersea mapping survey of the Siberian continental shelf.<ref>{{cite news|author=William J. Broad|title=Queenfish: A Cold War Tale|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/18/science/18arctic.html?_r=1|newspaper=New York Times|date=18 March 2008|access-date=17 February 2010}}</ref>
* 1971 – {{HMS|Dreadnought|S101|6}} reached the North Pole.<ref name="proceedings"/>
* {{USS|Gurnard|SSN-662|6}} conducted three Polar Exercises: 1976 (with US actor [[Charlton Heston]] aboard); 1984 joint operations with {{USS|Pintado|SSN-672|6}}; and 1990 joint exercises with {{USS|Seahorse|SSN-669|6}}.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://websitesbycook.com/gurnard/| title = History of the USS ''Gurnard'' and Polar Operations}}</ref>
* 6 May 1986 – {{USS|Ray|SSN-653|6}}, {{USS|Archerfish|SSN-678|6}} and {{USS|Hawkbill|SSN-666|6}} meet and surface together at the [[Geographic North Pole]]. First three-submarine surfacing at the Pole.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/08/08666.htm |title=NavSource Online: Submarine Photo Archive |publisher=navsource.org |date=14 November 2016 |access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref>
* 19 May 1987 – {{HMS|Superb|S109|6}} joined {{USS|Billfish|SSN-676|6}} and {{USS|Sea Devil|SSN-664|6}} at the North Pole.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britainsnavy.co.uk/Ships/HMS%20Superb/HMS%20Superb%20(1976)%20SSN%209.htm |title=HMS Superb (1976) (9th) |publisher=britainsnavy.co.uk |date=12 January 2013 |access-date=4 March 2017}}</ref>
* March 2007 – {{USS|Alexandria|SSN-757|6}} participated in the Joint US Navy/[[Royal Navy]] Ice Exercise 2007 (ICEX-2007) in the Arctic Ocean with the {{sclass|Trafalgar|submarine|2}} {{HMS|Tireless|S88|6}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Submarine Force Participates in Ice Exercise 2007|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/1180850B346D95C8?p=WORLDNEWS|access-date=1 February 2017|publisher=Government Press Releases (USA)|date=20 March 2007}}</ref>
* March 2009 – {{USS|Annapolis|SSN-760|6}} took part in [[Ice Exercise 2009]] to test submarine operability and war-fighting capability in Arctic conditions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=43706 |title=CNO Attends ICEX 2009 |publisher=navy.mil |date=24 March 2009 |access-date=3 March 2017 |archive-date=3 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303124736/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=43706 |url-status=dead }}</ref>