Editing Somalia (section)

=== End of transitional period ===
{{See also|Hizbul Islam|Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a|Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia|Somali Civil War (2009–present)|2009 timeline of the Somali Civil War}}

Between 31 May and 9 June 2008, representatives of Somalia's federal government and the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS) participated in peace talks in Djibouti brokered by the former United Nations Special Envoy to Somalia, [[Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah]]. The conference ended with a signed agreement calling for the withdrawal of Ethiopian troops in exchange for the cessation of armed confrontation. Parliament was subsequently expanded to 550 seats to accommodate ARS members, which then elected [[Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed]], as president.<ref name="factbook"/>
With the help of a small team of African Union troops, the TFG began a [[Somali Civil War (2009–present)|counteroffensive]] in February 2009 to assume full control of the southern half of the country. To solidify its rule, the TFG formed an alliance with the Islamic Courts Union, other members of the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia, and [[Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a]], a moderate [[Sufism|Sufi]] militia.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kamaal |url=http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/22/un-boss-urges-support-for-somalia-ahead-of-istanbul-summit/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928234017/http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/22/un-boss-urges-support-for-somalia-ahead-of-istanbul-summit/ |archive-date=28 September 2013 |title=UN boss urges support for Somalia ahead of Istanbul summit |publisher=Horseedmedia.net |date=22 May 2010 |access-date=27 June 2010}}</ref> Furthermore, Al-Shabaab and Hizbul Islam, the two main Islamist groups in opposition, began to fight amongst themselves in mid-2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8318798.stm |title=Islamists break Somali port truce |work=[[BBC News]] |date=21 October 2009 |access-date=27 June 2010 |archive-date=26 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026052416/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8318798.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> As a truce, in March 2009, the TFG announced that it would re-implement Shari'a as the nation's official judicial system.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=119757&d=1&m=3&y=2009 Shariah in Somalia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727054245/http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=119757&d=1&m=3&y=2009 |date=27 July 2020 }} – ''[[Arab News]]''</ref> However, conflict continued in the southern and central parts of the country. Within months, the TFG had gone from holding about 70% of south-central Somalia's conflict zones, to losing control of over 80% of the disputed territory to the Islamist insurgents.<ref name="Gosppsdott" />

In October 2011, a coordinated operation, [[Operation Linda Nchi]] between the Somali and Kenyan militaries and multinational forces began against the Al-Shabaab in southern Somalia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Joint Communique&nbsp;– Operation Linda Nchi |url=http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 |archive-date=16 August 2012 |publisher=Kenya High Commission, Tanzania |access-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816100759/http://www.kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/horn-of-africa/kenya/184%20-%20The%20Kenyan%20Military%20Intervention%20in%20Somalia.pdf|title=The Kenyan Military Intervention in Somalia|publisher=International Crisis Group|date=15 February 2012|access-date=10 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923225142/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/horn-of-africa/kenya/184%20-%20The%20Kenyan%20Military%20Intervention%20in%20Somalia.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref> By September 2012, Somali, Kenyan, and [[Raskamboni movement|Raskamboni]] forces had managed to capture Al-Shabaab's last major stronghold, the southern port of Kismayo.<ref>{{cite news|author=Clar Ni Chonghaile|title=Kenyan troops launch beach assault on Somali city of Kismayo|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/28/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia|access-date=28 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=28 September 2012|archive-date=29 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929045744/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/28/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2012, three European Union operations were launched to engage with Somalia: [[European Union Training Mission Somalia|EUTM Somalia]], EU Naval Force Somalia [[Operation Atalanta]] off the Horn of Africa, and EUCAP Nestor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html |title=Analysis of EUCAP Nestor by the Global Governance Institute |publisher=Global Governance Institute |date=26 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402205646/http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html |archive-date=2 April 2013  }}</ref>
[[File:Parlament of Somalia 2012-2016.svg|thumb|left|Structure of the [[Federal Parliament of Somalia]]]]
As part of the official "Roadmap for the End of Transition", a political process that provided clear benchmarks leading toward the formation of permanent democratic institutions in Somalia, the Transitional Federal Government's interim mandate ended on 20 August 2012.<ref name="Aasratdocwau2"/> The [[Federal Parliament of Somalia]] was concurrently inaugurated.<ref name="Fcacsunesinpshm2"/>