Editing Society (section)

===Industrial===
{{main article|Industrial society}}
[[File:Union Pacific 844, Painted Rocks, NV, 2009 (crop).jpg|thumb|alt=An industrial train |Industrial transportation, including [[train]]s, can stabilize the economy,  leading to population growth.]]
Industrial societies, which emerged in the 18th century in the [[Industrial Revolution]], rely heavily on machines powered by external sources for the mass production of goods.{{sfn|Lenski|Lenski|1974|p=315}}{{sfn|Conerly|Holmes|Tamang|2021|p=101}} Whereas in pre-industrial societies the majority of labor takes place in primary industries focused on extracting raw materials (farming, fishing, mining, etc.), in industrial societies, labor is mostly focused on processing raw materials into finished products.{{Sfn|Nolan|Lenski|2009|page=221}} Present-day societies vary in their degree of industrialization, with some using mostly newer energy sources (e.g. [[Fossil fuel|coal, oil]], and [[Nuclear power|nuclear energy]]), and others continuing to rely on human and animal power.{{Sfn|Nolan|Lenski|2009|page=208}}

Industrialization is associated with population booms and the growth of cities. Increased productivity, as well as the stability caused by improved transportation, leads to decreased mortality and resulting population growth.{{sfn|Lenski|Lenski|1974|p=319}} Centralized production of goods in factories and a decreased need for agricultural labor leads to [[urbanization]].{{sfn|Conerly|Holmes|Tamang|2021|p=101}}{{sfn|Lenski|Lenski|1974|p=328}} Industrial societies are often [[Capitalism|capitalist]], and have high degrees of inequality along with high [[social mobility]], as [[Businessperson|businesspeople]] use the market to amass large amounts of wealth.{{sfn|Conerly|Holmes|Tamang|2021|p=101}} Working conditions in factories are generally restrictive and harsh.{{Sfn|Nolan|Lenski|2009}} Workers, who have common interests, may organize into [[Trade union|labor unions]] to advance those interests.{{Sfn|Nolan|Lenski|2009|p=223}}

On the whole, industrial societies are marked by the increased power of human beings. Technological advancements mean that industrial societies have increased potential for deadly warfare. Governments use [[Information technology|information technologies]] to exert greater control over the populace. Industrial societies also have an increased [[Natural environment|environmental]] impact.{{Sfn|Nolan|Lenski|2009|page=205}}