Editing Singing (section)

=== Vibrato ===
[[Vibrato]] is a technique in which a sustained note wavers very quickly and consistently between a higher and a lower pitch, giving the note a slight quaver. Vibrato is the pulse or wave in a sustained tone. Vibrato occurs naturally and is the result of proper breath support and a relaxed vocal apparatus.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Singing|page=64|first1=Phyllis|last1=Fulford|first2=Michael |last2=Miller |year=2003|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]}}</ref> Some studies have shown that vibrato is the result of a neuromuscular tremor in the vocal folds. In 1922 Max Schoen was the first to make the comparison of vibrato to a tremor due to change in amplitude, lack of automatic control and it being half the rate of normal muscular discharge.<ref name="Stark2003">{{cite book|first=James|last=Stark|title=Bel Canto: A History of Vocal Pedagogy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVFQdViY7jAC&q=max+schoen+vibrato+neuro+muscular+tremor&pg=PA139|year=2003|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-8614-3|page=139}}</ref> Some singers use vibrato as a means of expression. Many successful artists can sing a deep, rich vibrato.