Editing Semiotics (section)

=== List of subfields <!--'Cybersemiotics' and 'Theatre semiotics' redirect here--> ===
Subfields that have sprouted out of semiotics include, but are not limited to, the following:
* [[Biosemiotics]]: the study of semiotic processes at all levels of biology, or a semiotic study of living systems (e.g., [[Copenhagen–Tartu School]]). Annual meetings ("Gatherings in Biosemiotics") have been held since 2001.
* [[Semiotic anthropology]] and [[anthropological semantics]].
* [[Cognitive semiotics]]: the study of meaning-making by employing and integrating methods and theories developed in the cognitive sciences. This involves conceptual and textual analysis as well as experimental investigations. Cognitive semiotics initially was developed at the Center for Semiotics at [[Aarhus University]] (Denmark), with an important connection with the Center of Functionally Integrated Neuroscience (CFIN) at Aarhus Hospital. Amongst the prominent cognitive semioticians are [[Per Aage Brandt]], Svend Østergaard, Peer Bundgård, Frederik Stjernfelt, Mikkel Wallentin, Kristian Tylén, Riccardo Fusaroli, and Jordan Zlatev. Zlatev later in co-operation with Göran Sonesson established the Center for Cognitive Semiotics (CCS) at [[Lund University]], Sweden.
* [[Comics semiotics]]: the study of the various codes and signs of comics and how they are understood.
* [[Computational semiotics]]: attempts to engineer the process of semiosis, in the study of and design for [[human–computer interaction]] or to mimic aspects of human [[cognition]] through [[artificial intelligence]] and [[knowledge representation]].
* [[Cultural semiotics|Cultural]] and [[Semiotic literary criticism|literary semiotics]]: examines the literary world, the visual media, the mass media, and advertising in the work of writers such as [[Roland Barthes]], [[Marcel Danesi]], and [[Juri Lotman]] (e.g., [[Tartu–Moscow Semiotic School]]).
* [[Cybersemiotics]]: built on two already-generated interdisciplinary approaches: cybernetics and systems theory, including [[information theory]] and science; and Peircean semiotics, including phenomenology and pragmatic aspects of linguistics, attempts to make the two interdisciplinary paradigms—both going beyond mechanistic and pure constructivist ideas—complement each other in a common framework.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brier|first1=Søren|title=Cybersemiotics: Why Information Is Not Enough!|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8020-9220-5|location=Toronto}}</ref>
* [[Design semiotics]] or product semiotics: the study of the use of signs in the design of physical products; introduced by [[Martin Krampen]] and in a practitioner-oriented version by [[Rune Monö]] while teaching [[industrial design]] at the Institute of Design, [[Umeå University]], Sweden.
* [[Ethnosemiotics]]: a disciplinary perspective which links semiotics concepts to [[Ethnography|ethnographic methods]].
* [[Semiotics of fashion|Fashion semiotics]]
* [[Film semiotics]]: the study of the various codes and signs of film and how they are understood. Key figures include [[Christian Metz (critic)|Christian Metz]].
* [[#Finite semiotics|Finite semiotics]]: an approach to the semiotics of technology developed by [[Cameron Shackell]]. It is used to both trace the effects of technology on human thought and to develop computational methods for performing semiotic analysis.
* [[Semiology (Gregorian Chant)|Gregorian chant semiology]]: a current avenue of [[palaeography|palaeographical]] research in [[Gregorian chant]], which is revising the [[Solesmes Abbey|Solesmes]] school of interpretation.
* [[Hylosemiotics]]: an approach to semiotics that understands meaning as [[inference]], which is developed through exploratory interaction with the physical world. It expands the concept of communication beyond a human-centered paradigm to include other sentient beings, such as animals, plants, bacteria, fungi, etc.<ref>Storm, Jason Ānanda Josephson. "Hylosemiotics." ''Metamodernsim: The Future of Theory,'' The University of Chicago Press, 2021, p. 149-203.</ref>
* [[Law and semiotics]]: one of the more accomplished publications in this field is the ''International Journal for the Semiotics of Law'', published by [[International Association for the Semiotics of Law]].
* [[Marketing semiotics]] (or commercial semiotics): an application of semiotic methods and semiotic thinking to the analysis and development of advertising and brand communications in cultural context. Key figures include [[Virginia Valentine]], Malcolm Evans, Greg Rowland, Georgios Rossolatos. International annual conferences ([[Semiofest]]) have been held since 2012.
* [[Music semiology]]: the study of signs as they pertain to music on a variety of levels.
* [[Organisational semiotics]]: the study of semiotic processes in organizations (with strong ties to [[computational semiotics]] and human–computer interaction).
* [[#Pictorial semiotics|Pictorial semiotics]]: an application of semiotic methods and semiotic thinking to art history.
* [[Semiotics of music videos]]: semiotics in popular music.
* [[Social semiotics]]: expands the interpretable semiotic landscape to include all cultural codes, such as in [[slang]], fashion, tattoos, and advertising. Key figures include [[Roland Barthes]], [[Michael Halliday]], [[Bob Hodge (linguist)|Bob Hodge]], [[Chris William Martin (sociologist)|Chris William Martin]] and [[Christian Metz (critic)|Christian Metz]].
* [[Structuralism]] and [[post-structuralism]] in the work of [[Jacques Derrida]], [[Michel Foucault]], [[Louis Hjelmslev]], [[Roman Jakobson]], [[Jacques Lacan]], [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]], [[Roland Barthes]], etc. Post-structuralism and semiotics are closely related in their approaches to language, meaning, and interpretation; their relationships, and focuses are on how signs—whether linguistic, visual, or cultural—function to convey meaning, and how those meanings can shift depending on context and interpretation.
* [[Theatre semiotics]]: an application of semiotic methods and semiotic thinking to [[theatre studies]]. Key figures include Keir Elam.<ref>Keir Elam, ''The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama'', Routledge, 2003.</ref>
* [[Urban semiotics]]: the study of meaning in urban form as generated by signs, symbols, and their social connotations.
* [[Visual semiotics]]: analyses visual signs; prominent modern founders to this [[visual rhetoric|branch]] are [[Groupe μ]] and Göran Sonesson.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sonesson|first=Göran|title=Pictorial concepts. Inquiries into the semiotic heritage and its relevance for the analysis of the visual world|publisher=Lund University Press|year=1989|location=Lund}}</ref>
* [[Semiotics of photography]]: is the observation of symbolism used within photography.
* [[Artificial intelligence semiotics]]: the observation of visual symbols and the symbols' recognition by machine learning systems. The phrase was coined by [[Daniel Hoeg]], founder of [[Semiotics Mobility]], due to Semiotics Mobility's design and learning process for autonomous recognition and perception of symbols by neural networks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/marijabutkovic/2021/05/28/meet-the-female-founder-and-impact-investor-on-a-mission-to-expand-investment-opportunities-for-bipoc-and-female-venture-capital-managers/|title=Meet The Female Founder And Impact Investor On A Mission To Expand Investment Opportunities For BIPOC And Female Venture Capital Managers|first=Marija|last=Butkovic|website=Forbes|accessdate=7 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://semiotics.tech/|title=semiotics.tech|website=semiotics.tech|accessdate=7 April 2023|archive-date=1 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401193522/http://semiotics.tech/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The phrase refers to machine learning and neural nets application of semiotic methods and semiotic machine learning to the analysis and development of robotics commands and instructions with subsystem communications in autonomous systems context.<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/713805 | doi=10.1109/ISIC.1998.713805 | chapter=Semiotic oriented autonomous intelligent systems engineering | title=Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control (ISIC) held jointly with IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation (CIRA) Intelligent Systems and Semiotics (ISAS) (Cat. No.98CH36262) | date=1998 | last1=Goncalves | first1=R. | last2=Gudwin | first2=R. | pages=700–705 | isbn=0-7803-4423-5 }}</ref>
* [[Semiotics of mathematics]]: the study of signs, symbols, sign systems and their structure, meaning and use in mathematics and mathematics education.