Editing School uniform (section)

=== General ===
[[File:Escuela Lenin(estudiantes).JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|220px|Cuban high-school girls, 2009]]
[[File:12.23 「國立臺中高級工業職業學校」學生認真聽總統的講解 (31699754891).jpg|220px|thumb|Pupils in [[Taiwan]]]]
[[File:Pitas Sabah StudentsPrimarySchools-01.jpg|thumb|Primary school boy and girl in Malaysia]]

In some cultures, the topic of school uniforms has sparked a multitude of controversies and debates over the years.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Perspective on School Uniforms  |url=https://www.theperspective.com/debates/living/perspective-school-uniforms/ |publisher=The Perspective |date=17 November 2017 |access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> Debates concerning the constitutionality and economic feasibility of uniforms also contribute to the controversy.

In the United States, the implementation of school uniforms began following ten years of research indicating the effectiveness of [[private schools]]. Some state-school reformers cited this research to support policies linked to private and [[Catholic school]] success. Some public-school administrators hence began implementing uniform policies to improve the overall school environment and academic achievement of the students. This is based on the assumption that uniforms are the direct cause of behavioral and academic outcome changes.<ref name="Brunsma, David L. 1998" /> However, within the Catholic school literature, school uniforms have never been acknowledged as a primary factor in producing a Catholic school effect.<ref>The Catholic school effect is the thought that certain elements in a catholic school provide children with a stronger academic education</ref><ref name="Brunsma, David L. 1998">Brunsma, David L.; Rockquemore, Kerry A. "Effects of Student Uniforms on Attendance, Behavior Problems, Substance Use, and Academic Achievement." ''The Journal of Educational Research'' 92.1 (1998): 53-62. 31 March 2015.</ref>

Another area of controversy regarding school uniform and dress code policies revolve around the issue of gender. Nowadays, more teenagers are more frequently "dressing to articulate, or confound gender identity and [[sexual orientation]]", which brings about "responses from school officials that ranged from indifferences to applause to bans".<ref name="nytimes.com">Hoffman, Jan (6 November 2009). [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/fashion/08cross.html "Can a Boy Wear a Skirt to School?"] ''The New York Times''.</ref> 

[[File:Centro de Estudiantes.jpg|thumb|School girls of Argentina]]