Editing Rusyn language (section)

=== 20th century ===

After the [[dissolution of Austria-Hungary]] (1918), the newly proclaimed [[First Hungarian Republic|Hungarian Republic]] recognized Rusyn regional autonomy in Subcarpathian regions and created, at the beginning of 1919, a department for Rusyn language and literature at the [[Budapest University]].{{sfn|Magocsi|Pop|2005|p=46, 521}}

[[File:Lemko, issue 209, year 1938, page 1.jpg|thumb|Lemko newspaper issued in [[Lviv]], (no 209), from year 1938, with typical Rusyn language features: separation of reflexive pronoun (ся) and words лем, што, котры, уж.]]
By the end of 1919, the region of [[Subcarpathian Ruthenia]] was appended to the newly formed [[First Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovak]] state, as its easternmost province. During the next twenty years, linguistic debates were continued between the same three options (pro-Russian, pro-Ukrainian, and local Rusyn), with Czechoslovak state authorities occasionally acting as arbiters.{{sfn|Csernicskó|Fedinec|2015|p=93–113}}

In March 1939, the region proclaimed independence under the name [[Carpatho-Ukraine]], but it was immediately [[Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II|occupied and annexed]] by Hungary. The region was later occupied (1944) and annexed (1945) by the [[Soviet Union]], and incorporated into the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]],{{sfn|Magocsi|Pop|2005|p=495-497}} which proceeded with implementation of Ukrainian linguistic standards. In Soviet Ukraine, Rusyns were not recognized as a distinctive ethnicity, and their language was considered a dialect of Ukrainian language. Poland employed similar policies,{{sfn|Magocsi|Pop|2005|p=73}} using internal deportations to move many Eastern Slavs from southeastern to newly acquired western regions ([[Operation Vistula]]),{{sfn|Magocsi|Pop|2005|p=531-532}} and switch their language to Polish, and Ukrainian at school.

During that period, the only country that was officially recognizing the Rusyn minority and its language was [[Yugoslavia]].{{sfn|Magocsi|Pop|2005|p=75}}

==== Post-Soviet developments ====
[[File:Vojvodina rusyn croatian czech map.png|thumb|200px|right|Official usage of [[Pannonian Rusyn]] in [[Vojvodina]], Serbia]]

After the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in 1991, modern standards of minority rights were gradually applied throughout Eastern Europe, thus affecting the attitude of several states towards the Rusyn language. As successors of Yugoslavia, [[Serbia]] and [[Croatia]] continued to recognize the Rusyn language as an official minority language.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skupstinavojvodine.gov.rs/?s=aktAPV001&j=EN |title=Statute of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina |publisher=Skupstinavojvodine.gov.rs |access-date=2012-08-07 |archive-date=3 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303072347/http://www.skupstinavojvodine.gov.rs/?s=aktAPV001&j=EN |url-status=live }}</ref>

Scholars with the former Institute of Slavic and Balkan Studies in Moscow (now the Institute of Slavonic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences) formally acknowledged Rusyn as a separate language in 1992, and trained specialists to study the language.<ref>{{cite news |author=Іван Гвать |url=http://www.radiosvoboda.org/content/article/24433107.html |title=Україна в лещатах російських спецслужб |newspaper=Радіо Свобода |date=25 December 2011 |publisher=Radiosvoboda.org |access-date=2012-08-07 |archive-date=5 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605001017/http://www.radiosvoboda.org/content/article/24433107.html |url-status=live }}</ref> These studies were financially supported by the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Since 1995, Rusyn has been recognized as a [[minority language]] in [[Slovakia]], enjoying the status of an [[official language]] in municipalities where more than 20 percent of the inhabitants speak Rusyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mensiny.vlada.gov.sk/data/files/418.doc|title=Zákon 184/1999 Z. z. o používaní jazykov národnostných menšín|last=Slovenskej Republiky|first=Národná Rada|year=1999|publisher=Zbierka zákonov|language=sk|access-date=2010-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011131038/http://www.mensiny.vlada.gov.sk/data/files/418.doc|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status = dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>